Due to boredom, i might as well keep this blog going in the holidays.
Today i summarised Orbital Velocity, Re-Entry Factors, and changes in Launch acceleration.
Still have to do research on Scientist (Von Braun ?)
Hooray for making today productive.
Saturday, December 26, 2009
Monday, December 21, 2009
Friday, December 11, 2009
ag (1210) - Lettuce: nitrogen fixation
legumes fix nitrogen, well at least.. the rhizobium bacteria that attaches themselves to the roots does.
its a mutual relationship, the plan tgets nitrogen and the bacteria gets sugars and whatever from the plant, also an environment to live in.
legumes include plants like clover, medic (eg lucerne) and peas
its a mutual relationship, the plan tgets nitrogen and the bacteria gets sugars and whatever from the plant, also an environment to live in.
legumes include plants like clover, medic (eg lucerne) and peas
bio (1210) - MaB: [p] analysing xylem
check prac report to double check, celery was left to absorn coloured water for af ew adys, and today was cut up, transverse and longitudal (thinly) and looked at under a microscope.
what was seen was drawn. observed uncoloured phloem adjacent xylem and lignin wrapped around xylem in the longitudal thingo
what was seen was drawn. observed uncoloured phloem adjacent xylem and lignin wrapped around xylem in the longitudal thingo
Thursday, December 10, 2009
math (1209) - Locus: parabolas
apparently, if you make a point (focus, let it = S) within a parabola, and the distance between that point (let it = a) is the distance between the parabola and a line (x = + or - a as the equation depending) then.. the distance from that focus point, to a point on the parabola (P) is equal to the distance from that point, down to the point on the x = a line that shares the same x-coordinate as P, and that would be B.
confusing?
diagrams help.
basically.
PS = PB
use distance formula, get rid of square root
we get:
(x - 0)^2 + (y - a)^2 = (x - x)^2 + (y - -a)^2
x^2 + y^2 - 2ay + a^2 = y^2 +2ay + a^2
cancel out the crap..
x^2 = 4ay
just saying, this was a parabola with vertex at the origin.
to change this, just sub in the different coordinates into the distance formula.
likewise..
if the formula was eg
-x^2 = 4ay
it would be concave down, coz rearranging to make y the subject would make the x^2 negative
confusing?
diagrams help.
basically.
PS = PB
use distance formula, get rid of square root
we get:
(x - 0)^2 + (y - a)^2 = (x - x)^2 + (y - -a)^2
x^2 + y^2 - 2ay + a^2 = y^2 +2ay + a^2
cancel out the crap..
x^2 = 4ay
just saying, this was a parabola with vertex at the origin.
to change this, just sub in the different coordinates into the distance formula.
likewise..
if the formula was eg
-x^2 = 4ay
it would be concave down, coz rearranging to make y the subject would make the x^2 negative
ext2 (1208) - day 7: workshop 1
apparently the first workshop of two.
it was acutally good.
we got a lowdown on plagiarising and how things are marked. we're not compared to other people, we're compared to the marking criteria, despite having many or no other people diong our area of work.
interesting exercise today.. 10min of non-stop writing.
i dunno if it was meant to be creative or reflective, i ended up doing 2 scripts.
apparently they turned out pretty well. and like.. i wrote a page and a half approx in 10min, like a bit less. so i SHOULD be able to write 6 pages in 40min just like ms sproule said about ext1 people. i guess that's what happens when you write without thinking.
dont think.. thats one of the rules about creative writing, even essay writing.
any ideas.. just get it down.
well with creative writing, dont hold back.. let it all out, lose control, dont stop once your hand starts moving. there are other rules, check book for details.
met other people too, interesting to meet someone doing radio drama, the only one there, and i was the only one doing film.
i'm curious to see their story/ies though.
my journal was checked, im on the right track so far, and i handed in my statement of intention of my story, the one about two people and their parents getting married. in the end i decided the concept to be how differently people see things differnetly.
anyway.. its late.. im sleepy.. late post..
should hit the hay.
cant rmeember other stuff
it was acutally good.
we got a lowdown on plagiarising and how things are marked. we're not compared to other people, we're compared to the marking criteria, despite having many or no other people diong our area of work.
interesting exercise today.. 10min of non-stop writing.
i dunno if it was meant to be creative or reflective, i ended up doing 2 scripts.
apparently they turned out pretty well. and like.. i wrote a page and a half approx in 10min, like a bit less. so i SHOULD be able to write 6 pages in 40min just like ms sproule said about ext1 people. i guess that's what happens when you write without thinking.
dont think.. thats one of the rules about creative writing, even essay writing.
any ideas.. just get it down.
well with creative writing, dont hold back.. let it all out, lose control, dont stop once your hand starts moving. there are other rules, check book for details.
met other people too, interesting to meet someone doing radio drama, the only one there, and i was the only one doing film.
i'm curious to see their story/ies though.
my journal was checked, im on the right track so far, and i handed in my statement of intention of my story, the one about two people and their parents getting married. in the end i decided the concept to be how differently people see things differnetly.
anyway.. its late.. im sleepy.. late post..
should hit the hay.
cant rmeember other stuff
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
phys (1207) - Space: analyzing centripetal force
mr robson kept stressing how important it is to analyse things properly.
he went through a process of analyzing uniform circular motion.
first we describe their motion. (uniform and circular, duh)
they have a constant veloctity, but since their direction is changing, there must be an acceleration
F = ma, since there's acceleration, then its assumed there is a force.
that force we then describe.
in a hammer throw, its caused by tension, the pull of the thrower. in a car race, the reaction force is slightly tilted, but gravity is still straight down. add up the vectors and you have a force pulling in a direciton buddy. and with the moon orbiting the earth, its gravity that is pulling on the moon, the force that causes the acceleration
he went through a process of analyzing uniform circular motion.
first we describe their motion. (uniform and circular, duh)
they have a constant veloctity, but since their direction is changing, there must be an acceleration
F = ma, since there's acceleration, then its assumed there is a force.
that force we then describe.
in a hammer throw, its caused by tension, the pull of the thrower. in a car race, the reaction force is slightly tilted, but gravity is still straight down. add up the vectors and you have a force pulling in a direciton buddy. and with the moon orbiting the earth, its gravity that is pulling on the moon, the force that causes the acceleration
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
bio (1207) - MaB: xylem & phloem
late posts.
golly i'm behind. i really have to study for biology too. i am dead.
well.. no turning back.. must press on. notes time.
as we know, xylem and phloem are the transport systems in plants. today we got into detail.
XYLEM
they are single-cell thick tubes. how it starts is its a column of cells, and the tops and bottoms dissolve leaving a tube. xylem is made of dead cells.
PHLOEM
they're living cells. they're not exactly hollow tubes, instead of the tops and bottoms of the cells dissolving completley, they have holes and are hence known as sieve cells. since they're living, they need to function, but have no nucleus, so phloem cells have companion cells to do metabolizing for them.
xylem and phloem are always adjacent, so that water can diffuse from the xylem to the phloem as necessary to transport organic material. the process uses active transport, which means it spends energy to do this. it's all diffusion until the concentrated sugar (from the source, normally leaves) until gets to the sink (target, anywhere)
umm.. i think thats all to say, unless i remember later
golly i'm behind. i really have to study for biology too. i am dead.
well.. no turning back.. must press on. notes time.
as we know, xylem and phloem are the transport systems in plants. today we got into detail.
XYLEM
they are single-cell thick tubes. how it starts is its a column of cells, and the tops and bottoms dissolve leaving a tube. xylem is made of dead cells.
PHLOEM
they're living cells. they're not exactly hollow tubes, instead of the tops and bottoms of the cells dissolving completley, they have holes and are hence known as sieve cells. since they're living, they need to function, but have no nucleus, so phloem cells have companion cells to do metabolizing for them.
xylem and phloem are always adjacent, so that water can diffuse from the xylem to the phloem as necessary to transport organic material. the process uses active transport, which means it spends energy to do this. it's all diffusion until the concentrated sugar (from the source, normally leaves) until gets to the sink (target, anywhere)
umm.. i think thats all to say, unless i remember later
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
ext2 (1201) - day 6: perspective
y'know i noticed something last night after i wrote my story for this week. i realize that i write a lot of.. reflective things. all these stories i've written so far for ext2, they've all been reflective! i dunno if that's good or bad, it seems bad.. it's like the only way i can get a story that i think is "good" is by immersing myself in it, which usually draws from my own experience, and ends up being more reflective than narrative.
even if its not based on reality, the outcome is still usually something reflective. i also noticed earlier today, that i'm not that great with talking like other people, other personas. everyone i write about generally speaks the same, coz it's my way of telling a story, but i should learn to create other characters out of nowhere. real characters.
hmm how annoying.. today we talked about "the kiss" and "the chosen vessel" and how different perspectives are used there. it works i suppose, whether they be anonymous or highly obvious, but i guess a good character doesn't even need naming if they're identifyable by how they talk and act.
hmm.. damn.. and that's another problem for me coz i gotta get people to act too.
apparently next week (the day of our incursion) we have to hand in our intention statement. i mean.. i knew it was coming.. and i knew this week was week 7, but it didnt hit me that we need to have an idea; a story; a title by now x_x
i sitll have nothing.. sort of.
after my cohorts read and critiqued my script "nostalgia 2" (they acutally liked it, i was surprised, they said it was realistic. i thought it wasn't.. action enough) anyway.. we went on to thinking about a plot for me.
to go with my two-way view thing, i suggested two people are together at the start, then they split up, and we cut between them on their way home, maybe even someone passes a mysterious text message, that'll leave viewers curious.
i dont know the relation between the two characters, but im thinking.. they get home and hit the computer, then shots of the screen and their conversation, where it's finally revealed what it is taht's so big that makes them all.. reflective on their way home.
im thinking.. maybe their parents are getting married, i dunno something big.. but a breakup is lame, and someone dying is overdone.
another idea that came up from someone else, is filming the day of twins, but not revealing theyre twins 'til the end of the day, where they meet and say something like "so how was your day?" *close movie* but it'd be complicated doing that last scene unless we had actual twins acting out.
the thing is though, the point of the movie would be like to show the unidentification of twins, but then their day would get boring to watch, and to make it interesting, even contrastingly different type interesting would eliminate the point of the movie, because they'd be individual characters.
anyway.. i have a week to come up with a story, i think i'll still go with my original idea. i like it. and yeah.. it'd probably be reflective and anonymous, typical of my stories -.-
even if its not based on reality, the outcome is still usually something reflective. i also noticed earlier today, that i'm not that great with talking like other people, other personas. everyone i write about generally speaks the same, coz it's my way of telling a story, but i should learn to create other characters out of nowhere. real characters.
hmm how annoying.. today we talked about "the kiss" and "the chosen vessel" and how different perspectives are used there. it works i suppose, whether they be anonymous or highly obvious, but i guess a good character doesn't even need naming if they're identifyable by how they talk and act.
hmm.. damn.. and that's another problem for me coz i gotta get people to act too.
apparently next week (the day of our incursion) we have to hand in our intention statement. i mean.. i knew it was coming.. and i knew this week was week 7, but it didnt hit me that we need to have an idea; a story; a title by now x_x
i sitll have nothing.. sort of.
after my cohorts read and critiqued my script "nostalgia 2" (they acutally liked it, i was surprised, they said it was realistic. i thought it wasn't.. action enough) anyway.. we went on to thinking about a plot for me.
to go with my two-way view thing, i suggested two people are together at the start, then they split up, and we cut between them on their way home, maybe even someone passes a mysterious text message, that'll leave viewers curious.
i dont know the relation between the two characters, but im thinking.. they get home and hit the computer, then shots of the screen and their conversation, where it's finally revealed what it is taht's so big that makes them all.. reflective on their way home.
im thinking.. maybe their parents are getting married, i dunno something big.. but a breakup is lame, and someone dying is overdone.
another idea that came up from someone else, is filming the day of twins, but not revealing theyre twins 'til the end of the day, where they meet and say something like "so how was your day?" *close movie* but it'd be complicated doing that last scene unless we had actual twins acting out.
the thing is though, the point of the movie would be like to show the unidentification of twins, but then their day would get boring to watch, and to make it interesting, even contrastingly different type interesting would eliminate the point of the movie, because they'd be individual characters.
anyway.. i have a week to come up with a story, i think i'll still go with my original idea. i like it. and yeah.. it'd probably be reflective and anonymous, typical of my stories -.-
math (1201) - Quad: + and x of roots
from now on im going to use * instead of x for multiplication, should be easier to understand without mixing it up with x-axis and all that crap, computer nerds would understand.. these are my notes anyway.
so the proof of this comes frooooommm..
ax^2 + bx + c = 0
what if we dont want the a there?
then its:
x^2 + (b/a)x + c/a = 0
coz that a is always annoying to work with, at least if its not 1
the deal is, we know the roots, lets call em A and B, multiply to get c and add to achieve b
so.. if you wanna get the sum of A and B, it'd be equal to the b value over the a value, aka -b/a, catch it?
i forget why its minus though, but oh wellers, i missed a fraction of the lesson
and to find the product, its c/a
so the proof of this comes frooooommm..
ax^2 + bx + c = 0
what if we dont want the a there?
then its:
x^2 + (b/a)x + c/a = 0
coz that a is always annoying to work with, at least if its not 1
the deal is, we know the roots, lets call em A and B, multiply to get c and add to achieve b
so.. if you wanna get the sum of A and B, it'd be equal to the b value over the a value, aka -b/a, catch it?
i forget why its minus though, but oh wellers, i missed a fraction of the lesson
and to find the product, its c/a
phys (1201) - Space: rocket acceleration
practice question today, worth 4 marks, and after doing it, we had to mark other peoples responses to it.
the question asked to describe the acceleration of a 3-stage rocket anda bout the g-forces felt by the astronauts.
in the graph shown, g-forces gradually increased, dropped whenever an engine was shut off, and hit 0 between stages. that 0 would be when there's no thrust at all, in between stages, when a bit has been dropped off. free fall. because there's no reaction force acting on the rocket opposing gravity, so there's not even 1G.
now the acceleration increased because thrust (F) was constant, and mass (m) decreased as fuel was burned. to keep F=ma true, acceleration increased as mass decreased, and the formula for g-force is g-force = (g+a)/g so as a increased, the g-force did too.
we also did one more question, about conservation of momentum.
in a closed system like this, the rocket on the launch pad would have 0 momentum. but as it lifts off, it gains a momentum, and the fuel kicked out the bottom has momentum too, opposite and negative, so they add up to the initial momentum, 0, proving conservation
the question asked to describe the acceleration of a 3-stage rocket anda bout the g-forces felt by the astronauts.
in the graph shown, g-forces gradually increased, dropped whenever an engine was shut off, and hit 0 between stages. that 0 would be when there's no thrust at all, in between stages, when a bit has been dropped off. free fall. because there's no reaction force acting on the rocket opposing gravity, so there's not even 1G.
now the acceleration increased because thrust (F) was constant, and mass (m) decreased as fuel was burned. to keep F=ma true, acceleration increased as mass decreased, and the formula for g-force is g-force = (g+a)/g so as a increased, the g-force did too.
we also did one more question, about conservation of momentum.
in a closed system like this, the rocket on the launch pad would have 0 momentum. but as it lifts off, it gains a momentum, and the fuel kicked out the bottom has momentum too, opposite and negative, so they add up to the initial momentum, 0, proving conservation
Monday, November 30, 2009
ag (1130) - Lettuce: introduced & native plants
there was a lot of little bits of info today, so instead of ranting about all of it and wasting my time, i'll just say refer to "comparison of introduced and native pasture species/pastures"
its a big table with 3 columns.
the general geist is that introduced pastures are more tasty, digestible, nutritious and contain more energy, however native plants are more resistant to weeds, extreme climate and dont necessarily need re-sowing after grazing. however they dont withstand heavy grazing as well as introduced species do.
overall native species are more sustainable coz they dont cost as much and you dont need to pay for things to protect them from weeds and climate and such as much.
one last thing we did was seeing the relationsb etween pasture quality and animal production quality.
eg. irrigating pasture will maximize photosynthesis, thus growth & nutrient uptake, making more nutritious and delicious plants, and so cows produce more milk
its a big table with 3 columns.
the general geist is that introduced pastures are more tasty, digestible, nutritious and contain more energy, however native plants are more resistant to weeds, extreme climate and dont necessarily need re-sowing after grazing. however they dont withstand heavy grazing as well as introduced species do.
overall native species are more sustainable coz they dont cost as much and you dont need to pay for things to protect them from weeds and climate and such as much.
one last thing we did was seeing the relationsb etween pasture quality and animal production quality.
eg. irrigating pasture will maximize photosynthesis, thus growth & nutrient uptake, making more nutritious and delicious plants, and so cows produce more milk
phys (1130) - Space: conservation of momentum
man i shouldve been paying more attention instead of doing maths, but i had tests to prepare for.. but i managed to get SMOEthing into my head.
we all know newton's second law, F = ma, now rockets move because there's a net force. that is, a netforce acting upwards, that's higher than gravity (something different to reaction force coz thats only enough to counter gravity, not push the rocket further)
the rocket burns fuel, it pushes it out, and as a result the fuel pushes the rocket upwards (newton's third law)
robson derrived the formula for momentum (p) from F = ma today, it goes like this
F = ma [where a = (v-u)/t]
F = m((v-u)/t)
F = (mv-mu)/t
Ft = mv - mu = /\p
see?
we all know newton's second law, F = ma, now rockets move because there's a net force. that is, a netforce acting upwards, that's higher than gravity (something different to reaction force coz thats only enough to counter gravity, not push the rocket further)
the rocket burns fuel, it pushes it out, and as a result the fuel pushes the rocket upwards (newton's third law)
robson derrived the formula for momentum (p) from F = ma today, it goes like this
F = ma [where a = (v-u)/t]
F = m((v-u)/t)
F = (mv-mu)/t
Ft = mv - mu = /\p
see?
Saturday, November 28, 2009
phys (1127) - satellites to planets 2
today.. we went over.. just one concept i think.. one concept with multiple aspects.
it's that the movement of the earth affects the movement of the satellites that we launch.
mr robson described the axis spinning sort of like jumping off a moving train. when we jump, we still have the velocity from when we were on the train (aka, we're moving sideways though we dont realize)
that is why, launches are preferably done near the equator (rotational veloctiy is at its max there) and using the earth's rotational velocity to give the rocket extra speed is a good idea. 11km/s is the requried escape velocity to get out of the earth's gravity.
the earth is going anticlockwise (from looking above the north pole) around the sun, at a speed of approx 29km/s, so in theory.. satellites we launch are also following that same path, with that same speed. so to fire rockets in the opposite direction, unless they exceed 29km/s, the result wuold just be the rocket slows down and is pulled towards the sun. if its fired in the same direction, it escapes earth's orbit and goes elsewhere.
also.. i asked if all the planets were on the same plane.. turns out they are.. with the exception of pluto. i suppose they're in line with the sun's.. "equator"
also, before the lesson, as a question of gerenal interest i asked what fire is. no full explanation as yuet, it's not something that can be easily explained. but what we see and feel of the fire is energy for sure, but fire itself is more like.. a reaction.
it's that the movement of the earth affects the movement of the satellites that we launch.
mr robson described the axis spinning sort of like jumping off a moving train. when we jump, we still have the velocity from when we were on the train (aka, we're moving sideways though we dont realize)
that is why, launches are preferably done near the equator (rotational veloctiy is at its max there) and using the earth's rotational velocity to give the rocket extra speed is a good idea. 11km/s is the requried escape velocity to get out of the earth's gravity.
the earth is going anticlockwise (from looking above the north pole) around the sun, at a speed of approx 29km/s, so in theory.. satellites we launch are also following that same path, with that same speed. so to fire rockets in the opposite direction, unless they exceed 29km/s, the result wuold just be the rocket slows down and is pulled towards the sun. if its fired in the same direction, it escapes earth's orbit and goes elsewhere.
also.. i asked if all the planets were on the same plane.. turns out they are.. with the exception of pluto. i suppose they're in line with the sun's.. "equator"
also, before the lesson, as a question of gerenal interest i asked what fire is. no full explanation as yuet, it's not something that can be easily explained. but what we see and feel of the fire is energy for sure, but fire itself is more like.. a reaction.
ag (1127) - Lettuce: kgDM
using the data we've collceted, we calculated the the amount of dry matter (kgDM) in the two paddocks (1.8ha of ryegrass, 1.5ha of lucerne)
dry matter is everything in the plant that is not water (plants are 70-80% water) so this includes vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, sugars, oils, etc.
for both, we calculated approx how long each paddock would be able to feed 20x 500kg beef cows (leaving approx 15cm of the pasture leftover to regrow)
i cant rememember fully coz i dont have the sheet, it was collected.
but we had to match up our average (-15 for reserve) with a graph that deteremined the DM in each pasture plant (depending on density)
after that.. we know that beef cows eat approx 3.5% of their weight a day, so we had to work that out.. and put the total DM we get over the required DM
the result was the amount of days that the paddock could last.
thing was that not all of the pasture would be eaten though, much of it would be trampled. so these readings arent always as accurate as they can be
dry matter is everything in the plant that is not water (plants are 70-80% water) so this includes vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, sugars, oils, etc.
for both, we calculated approx how long each paddock would be able to feed 20x 500kg beef cows (leaving approx 15cm of the pasture leftover to regrow)
i cant rememember fully coz i dont have the sheet, it was collected.
but we had to match up our average (-15 for reserve) with a graph that deteremined the DM in each pasture plant (depending on density)
after that.. we know that beef cows eat approx 3.5% of their weight a day, so we had to work that out.. and put the total DM we get over the required DM
the result was the amount of days that the paddock could last.
thing was that not all of the pasture would be eaten though, much of it would be trampled. so these readings arent always as accurate as they can be
math (1127) - Quad: quadratic identities
pretty straight forward, if two expressions are equivalent, all the corresponding coefficients must be equal.
you can use this to solve retarded versions of the quadratic function y = ax^2 + bx + c
i dont know what i can say.. its so weird
you can use this to solve retarded versions of the quadratic function y = ax^2 + bx + c
i dont know what i can say.. its so weird
Thursday, November 26, 2009
ext2 (1124) - day 5: concept
in my confusion yesterday of double-day note-making, i forgot that i in fact was present at extension 2 on tuesday.
the teacher let me be coz i was unable to complete the tasks assigned coz i got sick last friday 'til monday, but at least i got to hear everyone elses.
however, if i did mine i found out it would've been lacking anyway. even though we were meant to write from the perspective of that random character again, we neeeded a concept.
the teacher explained that concept is a thematic thing, and its based on values of the time of the story, to give the story a meaning, make a comment on something, etc.
well i was told to do it anyway, even though i don't necessarily submit it.
our next task is using the setting we described last week, write about an event. and give one of the characters a voice, take their role; their persona.
also, i got to talk about my ideas for my movie more. the two ideas, either about the two peoples lives, or the one guy's life split into his past self and his present self. an issue would be time restraint. i've noticed for the other movies (i've been looking through the scripts) made, the scripts are like 7 pages, with hardly any talking.
but it's alright, i didnt wanna have much talking anyway.. but somehow i need to find a relevant and good story, and tell it within 8 minutes. hmm..
its like a minute a page approx, i need to really think about this.
first things first, if i cant think of a story for now, i'll at least look up how to write a script. that's a good starting point
the teacher let me be coz i was unable to complete the tasks assigned coz i got sick last friday 'til monday, but at least i got to hear everyone elses.
however, if i did mine i found out it would've been lacking anyway. even though we were meant to write from the perspective of that random character again, we neeeded a concept.
the teacher explained that concept is a thematic thing, and its based on values of the time of the story, to give the story a meaning, make a comment on something, etc.
well i was told to do it anyway, even though i don't necessarily submit it.
our next task is using the setting we described last week, write about an event. and give one of the characters a voice, take their role; their persona.
also, i got to talk about my ideas for my movie more. the two ideas, either about the two peoples lives, or the one guy's life split into his past self and his present self. an issue would be time restraint. i've noticed for the other movies (i've been looking through the scripts) made, the scripts are like 7 pages, with hardly any talking.
but it's alright, i didnt wanna have much talking anyway.. but somehow i need to find a relevant and good story, and tell it within 8 minutes. hmm..
its like a minute a page approx, i need to really think about this.
first things first, if i cant think of a story for now, i'll at least look up how to write a script. that's a good starting point
math (1126) - Quad: discriminant
got rather scared today when i found out our marks will always be compared to the rest of the grade from now on.
eep -.-
and theres so many more 3u people than us.
gay.
anyway.. besides seeing the proof of how the quadratic formula came to be, we worked with just one simple rule with discriminants.
let y = ax^2 + bx + c
if /\ < 0, y has no real roots, aka doenst collide witht he x-axis
now in terms of taht
if a > 0, and /\ <> 0 for all x values (aka the graph is concave up and above the x-axis)
if a < 0, and /\ < 0, the function is negative definite, and y < 0 for all x values (aka the graph is concave down and below the x-axis
eep -.-
and theres so many more 3u people than us.
gay.
anyway.. besides seeing the proof of how the quadratic formula came to be, we worked with just one simple rule with discriminants.
let y = ax^2 + bx + c
if /\ < 0, y has no real roots, aka doenst collide witht he x-axis
now in terms of taht
if a > 0, and /\ <> 0 for all x values (aka the graph is concave up and above the x-axis)
if a < 0, and /\ < 0, the function is negative definite, and y < 0 for all x values (aka the graph is concave down and below the x-axis
phys (1126) - satellites to planets
we were split into random groups today based on randomly given out cards. in each group, we had to work on a particular question, of how to get a satellite to a particular planet.
for us, that was mercury.
we had to decide how to aim the rocket at mercury, whether or not to slingshot it around venus, and how the earth's orbit, other planets' orbit, and the sun's gravity affected the movement of the satellite.
from the north pole (looking down on it), we divised that the earth's axis and all the orbits were going anti-clockwise.
we havent yet reached a conclusion.. but i decided i'd want to be accurate with the answer, and proposed to my teammates tommy & bob that we should measure the orbit.
i got approx 0.3cm = 1 day (assuming earth's orbit is 365 days)
using this, and the estimated speed of the rockets (udit said 30-40km/s, so i said 35) we should be able to calculate the time it would take for the satellite to get to mercury, and using that info, see where the planets will be (assuming the planets are in line when we launched them)
hopefully my idea works.
meanwhile, tommy did a lot of the devising in terms of trajectory & parabola and whatnot
for us, that was mercury.
we had to decide how to aim the rocket at mercury, whether or not to slingshot it around venus, and how the earth's orbit, other planets' orbit, and the sun's gravity affected the movement of the satellite.
from the north pole (looking down on it), we divised that the earth's axis and all the orbits were going anti-clockwise.
we havent yet reached a conclusion.. but i decided i'd want to be accurate with the answer, and proposed to my teammates tommy & bob that we should measure the orbit.
i got approx 0.3cm = 1 day (assuming earth's orbit is 365 days)
using this, and the estimated speed of the rockets (udit said 30-40km/s, so i said 35) we should be able to calculate the time it would take for the satellite to get to mercury, and using that info, see where the planets will be (assuming the planets are in line when we launched them)
hopefully my idea works.
meanwhile, tommy did a lot of the devising in terms of trajectory & parabola and whatnot
bio (1126) - MaB: plant transport systems
fouzeh wasnt here today, we had brucie again. so once again he was walking us through plant-based info.
mosto f the lesson for me was spent sleeping, but i got down with what he was saying before-hand.
xylem are found towards the centre of the plant, and draw water (and minerals dissolved in it) up from the ground.
phloem are found towards the external of the plant, and transport products of photosynthesis (glucose & oxygen) around the plant (up and down) from the leaves, where they are produced. the products are used for respiration, for growth, can glucose can be stored as more complicated molecules.
re-barking a tree could potentially kill it coz you could be cutting off all the phloem on the outside.
mosto f the lesson for me was spent sleeping, but i got down with what he was saying before-hand.
xylem are found towards the centre of the plant, and draw water (and minerals dissolved in it) up from the ground.
phloem are found towards the external of the plant, and transport products of photosynthesis (glucose & oxygen) around the plant (up and down) from the leaves, where they are produced. the products are used for respiration, for growth, can glucose can be stored as more complicated molecules.
re-barking a tree could potentially kill it coz you could be cutting off all the phloem on the outside.
ag (1126) - Lettuce: [p] pasture densities 2
like tuesday how we measured the density of a rye grass paddock, today we measured teh density of lucerne.
same method.
we chucked the 1m ruler at random in the paddock, wherever it landed we took a rough estimate of the height of the area of lucerne, and recorded.. then chucked again.
we have yet to compare it with the graph thingo, but lucerne could either be grown in dense or thin density, we said this crop was thin.
lucerne may not be considered to be a pasture plant due to the fact that it is not grazed, it is typically collected for making hay
same method.
we chucked the 1m ruler at random in the paddock, wherever it landed we took a rough estimate of the height of the area of lucerne, and recorded.. then chucked again.
we have yet to compare it with the graph thingo, but lucerne could either be grown in dense or thin density, we said this crop was thin.
lucerne may not be considered to be a pasture plant due to the fact that it is not grazed, it is typically collected for making hay
math (1125) - Quad: quadratic inequalities
went over a few examples of quadratic inequalities today.
we highlight different parts depending on the sign
lets say
y = ax^2 + bx + c
if y = 0, highlights are on x-axis
if y > 0, highlights are above x-axis (arrows)
if y < 0, highlights are below x-axis (vertex)
concavity will change the graph, keep that in mind.
ooh i see how it goes. for negative numbers, y <> 0 is highlighted on the vertex.. so its still above/below
ok thats awesome.
notes finished for tonight ^^
we highlight different parts depending on the sign
lets say
y = ax^2 + bx + c
if y = 0, highlights are on x-axis
if y > 0, highlights are above x-axis (arrows)
if y < 0, highlights are below x-axis (vertex)
concavity will change the graph, keep that in mind.
ooh i see how it goes. for negative numbers, y <> 0 is highlighted on the vertex.. so its still above/below
ok thats awesome.
notes finished for tonight ^^
ag (1024) - Lettuce: pasture densities
today we did a prac/experiment.
we headed out to a paddock (one of the three rotational kept-in-good dairy paddocks near the dair, oh they do taht so the cows dont kill so much energy walking heaps far) and so we measured some random grass samples.
schippers estimated that the field was like 90% grass (most of which was rye grass, what we wanted) and about 5% white clover.
so we measured some rye grass, taking approximate measurements of areas of grass at a time.
we're yet to compile and calculate
we headed out to a paddock (one of the three rotational kept-in-good dairy paddocks near the dair, oh they do taht so the cows dont kill so much energy walking heaps far) and so we measured some random grass samples.
schippers estimated that the field was like 90% grass (most of which was rye grass, what we wanted) and about 5% white clover.
so we measured some rye grass, taking approximate measurements of areas of grass at a time.
we're yet to compile and calculate
phys (1124) - G forces
first day with robson as a tacher today. he's alright. he explained the g force things well at least, and a few other things.
g force is a ratio of normal weight against reaction weight. the reaction being an acceleration.
to calculate vertical g-force, we go
(9.8 + a) / 9.8
the 9.8 coming from the earth's gravity.
now since gravity has no effect on us in a horizontal direciotn, when calculating horizontal g-force, its just a/9.8.
the thing about standing on the ground, is that we have a reaction force lifting us off the ground. that would be equal to gravity (9.8). so, our weight would be 1x normal, we experience 1g. apparently normal people can experience more than 3g (evident on rollercoasters and such). they target rockets and shuttles to only have around 3g for safety of astronauts and equipment.
if we fell off a plane though, there's no floor pushing us off, we fall to gravity, thats called freefall.
the thing about g-forces, is that they're independent of peoples mass. its the same ratio, but used on different people.
eg.
a 50kg guy, and a 100kg guy experience 2g.
the first guy experiences 100kg as his weight, and the other guy, 200kg.
the amount increases depding on how much the person weighs to begin with
i asked mr robson what would happen if two planets were really close to each other. he said that there would be a point in between where we would just be stationary in the middle, otherwise it'd be up to the stronger planet.
he explained what spaghettification is. he said that in a black hole, if we fell feet first, our feet would be closer to the black hole than our head, so our feet would be pulled faster, making it stretch. catch it?
g force is a ratio of normal weight against reaction weight. the reaction being an acceleration.
to calculate vertical g-force, we go
(9.8 + a) / 9.8
the 9.8 coming from the earth's gravity.
now since gravity has no effect on us in a horizontal direciotn, when calculating horizontal g-force, its just a/9.8.
the thing about standing on the ground, is that we have a reaction force lifting us off the ground. that would be equal to gravity (9.8). so, our weight would be 1x normal, we experience 1g. apparently normal people can experience more than 3g (evident on rollercoasters and such). they target rockets and shuttles to only have around 3g for safety of astronauts and equipment.
if we fell off a plane though, there's no floor pushing us off, we fall to gravity, thats called freefall.
the thing about g-forces, is that they're independent of peoples mass. its the same ratio, but used on different people.
eg.
a 50kg guy, and a 100kg guy experience 2g.
the first guy experiences 100kg as his weight, and the other guy, 200kg.
the amount increases depding on how much the person weighs to begin with
i asked mr robson what would happen if two planets were really close to each other. he said that there would be a point in between where we would just be stationary in the middle, otherwise it'd be up to the stronger planet.
he explained what spaghettification is. he said that in a black hole, if we fell feet first, our feet would be closer to the black hole than our head, so our feet would be pulled faster, making it stretch. catch it?
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
math (1124) - Quad: roots in graphs
the discriminant (/\ - err.. this is meant to be at riangle), as we know is taken from the quadratic formula (its the bit under the root sign)
/\ = b^2 - 4ac
if /\ < 0
there will be no solution for ax^2 + bx + c = 0 so that means there will be no x-intercepts
if /\ = 0
there will only be one solution, and the graph will touch the x-axis once (at its vertex)
if /\ > 0
the graph would go through x-axis, intercepting at two points
/\ = b^2 - 4ac
if /\ < 0
there will be no solution for ax^2 + bx + c = 0 so that means there will be no x-intercepts
if /\ = 0
there will only be one solution, and the graph will touch the x-axis once (at its vertex)
if /\ > 0
the graph would go through x-axis, intercepting at two points
eng (1124) - CST: pearson 1
i missed the first 2 pages of pearson's speech in my sickness, but i caught the drift quickly.
we've studied noel pearson before, in yr9. i haev to dig up those notes.. about the other speech he made that we analyzed, and his context etc.
in his speech he makes a lot of quotes made by other politicians.
also, he makes a lot of references to his own lecture, which im yet to fully understand.. i must go back and read the other 2 pages.
we've studied noel pearson before, in yr9. i haev to dig up those notes.. about the other speech he made that we analyzed, and his context etc.
in his speech he makes a lot of quotes made by other politicians.
also, he makes a lot of references to his own lecture, which im yet to fully understand.. i must go back and read the other 2 pages.
bio (1124) - MaB: organ blood
first of all.. to catch up on what i missed the day before.. we talked about (without me) donated blood and artificial blood.
turns out not all of the blood that is donated is used, only parts of it. like anemic people need the red blood cells, people with severe bacterial infections need white, etc.
as for arteficial blood, it is a chemical that can actually last longer than normal blood. however, it only does the role of delivering oxygen and taking carbon dioxide, it does not fight any infections.
anyway.. onto today's topic. blood in organs, would be composed of different things. besides oxygen that comes out of blood, and carbon dioxide that goes in.. it depends where you are really.
eg. blood would be loaded with nutrients after leaving the intestines.
blood would have heaps of waste products on its way to the kidneys, and heaps of water. it'll dump all that off, and some water and nutrients could be returned.
blood from the lungs obviously would have heaps of oxygen in it.
blood from the liver would have glycogen in it, or it could carry toxins to the liver such as alcohol.
and of course, blood would carry carbon dioxide from any tissue that it passes through, after leaving some oxygen behind.
turns out not all of the blood that is donated is used, only parts of it. like anemic people need the red blood cells, people with severe bacterial infections need white, etc.
as for arteficial blood, it is a chemical that can actually last longer than normal blood. however, it only does the role of delivering oxygen and taking carbon dioxide, it does not fight any infections.
anyway.. onto today's topic. blood in organs, would be composed of different things. besides oxygen that comes out of blood, and carbon dioxide that goes in.. it depends where you are really.
eg. blood would be loaded with nutrients after leaving the intestines.
blood would have heaps of waste products on its way to the kidneys, and heaps of water. it'll dump all that off, and some water and nutrients could be returned.
blood from the lungs obviously would have heaps of oxygen in it.
blood from the liver would have glycogen in it, or it could carry toxins to the liver such as alcohol.
and of course, blood would carry carbon dioxide from any tissue that it passes through, after leaving some oxygen behind.
Saturday, November 21, 2009
bio (1120) - MaB: blood vessels
we related the structure of blood vessels to the function today.
arteries are large, and have thick elastic walls. they can expand and contract, but are restricted by cologens, and they are thick so taht they can withstand the pressure of pulses. the pulses drive blood through the arteries. small arteries that branch off arteries are called arterioles.
veins are smaller, and have smaller holes than arteries, but bigger in proportion. there is no pump pushing the blood through veins, but they have valves which preevnt blood from going backwards (they close up if blood goes backwards) smaller veins are called venules.
capillaries are the tiny in between ones. they have walls, once cell thick, for easy diffusion, and dont fit much blood in. they are used to deliver blood to and from the cells.
lymph is a white substance found deep within tissue (whereas blood is not found deep in the tissue coz capillaries dont go there). lymph is a white liquid with dissolved substances from the body in it, and goes through lymph vessels to go back to the heart. lymph is also a rich source of white blood cells, so its a way white blood cells get around to fight off infection. lymph vessels meet around the shoulders in lymph nodes, and the tonsils are used to fight infections in the throat (coz white blood cells are abundant in lymph). people whos tonsils cannot fight infection anymore, have them removed.
arteries are large, and have thick elastic walls. they can expand and contract, but are restricted by cologens, and they are thick so taht they can withstand the pressure of pulses. the pulses drive blood through the arteries. small arteries that branch off arteries are called arterioles.
veins are smaller, and have smaller holes than arteries, but bigger in proportion. there is no pump pushing the blood through veins, but they have valves which preevnt blood from going backwards (they close up if blood goes backwards) smaller veins are called venules.
capillaries are the tiny in between ones. they have walls, once cell thick, for easy diffusion, and dont fit much blood in. they are used to deliver blood to and from the cells.
lymph is a white substance found deep within tissue (whereas blood is not found deep in the tissue coz capillaries dont go there). lymph is a white liquid with dissolved substances from the body in it, and goes through lymph vessels to go back to the heart. lymph is also a rich source of white blood cells, so its a way white blood cells get around to fight off infection. lymph vessels meet around the shoulders in lymph nodes, and the tonsils are used to fight infections in the throat (coz white blood cells are abundant in lymph). people whos tonsils cannot fight infection anymore, have them removed.
math (1120) - Quad: y=a(x-u)^2
y=a(x+u)^2 or y=a(u-x)^2
with equations that look like this, we discovered thaat:
- a determines the concavity (if its negative it will point down)
- a also determines the steepness (wideness)
- u determines teh vertex (-u, 0)
solve bx + u = 0 for vertex (-u/b, 0)
with equations that look like this, we discovered thaat:
- a determines the concavity (if its negative it will point down)
- a also determines the steepness (wideness)
- u determines teh vertex (-u, 0)
solve bx + u = 0 for vertex (-u/b, 0)
phys (1119) - Space: space scientists
just a few vague outlines on some space scientists.
there was galileo of course, he used his own made telescope to observe things.
newton actually thought of the idea that chucking an object at the right speed will make it orbit the planet, and chucking it more could let it escape gravity. it turns out that the speed required for this is 11000km/s. newton also suggested that the same principles of gravity on earth, were the principles of celestial gravity as well (which was weird coz people thought they were two different things)
von braun was a german scientist. after WWII, the scientists who made rockets to attack the UK were split and sent to either USA or USSR. von braun was sent to USA. he worked on space program there. von braun designed the original rockets.
oh there was this dude who propose a 3stage rocket, but i forget who. but usually.. rockets were lauched in 3 stages, and that included the recent shuttles, except the shuttles dropped the liquid fuel part so high up that it burnt up on the way back in.
rockets are mostly fuel. fuel to keep going.
oh we talked about satellites.. and how usualy satellites are designed to come, and yet there are some that we sent off out past our solar system (voyager I and voyager II) we still get faint signals from them.. the mars rovers are still going around even though they were meant to die yearsa go.
oh and mr pitt said something weird.. i forget what it is. something like.. to slow a satellite down, you have to speed it up twice. i forget how it works.
there was galileo of course, he used his own made telescope to observe things.
newton actually thought of the idea that chucking an object at the right speed will make it orbit the planet, and chucking it more could let it escape gravity. it turns out that the speed required for this is 11000km/s. newton also suggested that the same principles of gravity on earth, were the principles of celestial gravity as well (which was weird coz people thought they were two different things)
von braun was a german scientist. after WWII, the scientists who made rockets to attack the UK were split and sent to either USA or USSR. von braun was sent to USA. he worked on space program there. von braun designed the original rockets.
oh there was this dude who propose a 3stage rocket, but i forget who. but usually.. rockets were lauched in 3 stages, and that included the recent shuttles, except the shuttles dropped the liquid fuel part so high up that it burnt up on the way back in.
rockets are mostly fuel. fuel to keep going.
oh we talked about satellites.. and how usualy satellites are designed to come, and yet there are some that we sent off out past our solar system (voyager I and voyager II) we still get faint signals from them.. the mars rovers are still going around even though they were meant to die yearsa go.
oh and mr pitt said something weird.. i forget what it is. something like.. to slow a satellite down, you have to speed it up twice. i forget how it works.
bio (1119) - MaB: oximeters
the lesson was spent watching quite a few youtube videos, little theory behind it.
we were talking about the different ways of measuring gases in the blood. there are two major ways.
the first, uses those thingies that they clip onto your thumb in hospital, a pulse oximeter. it measures the pulse because there are large arteries near the edge of the skin there. the way it measures gas is like this:
light (infrared and ultraviolet) is sent through the finger, and detectors on the other side pick up the signal. if the haemoglobin has oxygen, the signal will be more distorted. this is used to measure the % of oxygen in blood.
this can fail if there is carbon monoxide in the area. carbon monoxide attaches to haemoglobin, and it actually has higher priority than oxygen, and it cannot be dumped off like oxygen can. that's why high amounts of carbon monoxide is dangerous.
the other method of measuring blood gases is by simply using a blood test. blood is drawn from the second major artery in the radius of the non-dominant hand. it is taken to a lab for testing after.
we were talking about the different ways of measuring gases in the blood. there are two major ways.
the first, uses those thingies that they clip onto your thumb in hospital, a pulse oximeter. it measures the pulse because there are large arteries near the edge of the skin there. the way it measures gas is like this:
light (infrared and ultraviolet) is sent through the finger, and detectors on the other side pick up the signal. if the haemoglobin has oxygen, the signal will be more distorted. this is used to measure the % of oxygen in blood.
this can fail if there is carbon monoxide in the area. carbon monoxide attaches to haemoglobin, and it actually has higher priority than oxygen, and it cannot be dumped off like oxygen can. that's why high amounts of carbon monoxide is dangerous.
the other method of measuring blood gases is by simply using a blood test. blood is drawn from the second major artery in the radius of the non-dominant hand. it is taken to a lab for testing after.
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
bio (1118) - Mab: [p] exhaled air pH cont.
the last bit of this prac done today, using data loggers, pH probes and pH amplifiers.. which looked like transformer cables for the probes.
using a straw i blew into a small beaker filled with 40mL of water for 2min (120sec) and the data logger recorded progress.
it started at around 7.62, and by the end.. right at the end, it hit 4.97.
so that was that
using a straw i blew into a small beaker filled with 40mL of water for 2min (120sec) and the data logger recorded progress.
it started at around 7.62, and by the end.. right at the end, it hit 4.97.
so that was that
ag (1118) - Lettuce: plant breeding
i dont know what i can say thats not already on the sheet/s. the sheets have a lot of examples on it.
inbred plants are all genetically the same pretty much, and after a few generations, are homozygous. ie. they all have the exact same characteristics as the parent plants
hybrid plants are bred from 2 inbred plants, and they have superior performance to their parents
open pollination is just when two selected plant varieties are just allowed to inter-breed
wide crosses takes two different species to artificially create new species. they have to be fertile to be worthwhile though.
genetic engineering is asexual, and involves direct manupularion of genes on chromosomes. this is contraversial coz some people support making plants better, others argue its not natural.
inbred plants are all genetically the same pretty much, and after a few generations, are homozygous. ie. they all have the exact same characteristics as the parent plants
hybrid plants are bred from 2 inbred plants, and they have superior performance to their parents
open pollination is just when two selected plant varieties are just allowed to inter-breed
wide crosses takes two different species to artificially create new species. they have to be fertile to be worthwhile though.
genetic engineering is asexual, and involves direct manupularion of genes on chromosomes. this is contraversial coz some people support making plants better, others argue its not natural.
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
ext2 (1117) - day 4: setting
today's lesson seemed rather brief, coz much of the time was spent afterwards with the teacher discussing withe veryone their plans for stories and whatnot.
but first we went through feedback of more stories we read over the week, and presented our stories about setting the scene.
apparently mine was better than i thought, as it appealed to all senses and integrated them (eg. as genvin said, the sound of echoes gave the room a visual appearance that it was large and empty)
good stuff i guess ^^
we have 2 tasks for next week:
the first is to critique smoeone else's work, preferably one that's been subscribed, so others know what we're tlaking about.
the second is to take on the persona of a character's (eg the one from last week) point of view and write as them.
this should be interesting.
i really should read those previous works more properly though.. it would help.
and i gained another idea for my story today.
a relatively old dude, his story, and at the same time a young boy's story. integrated of course. what we dont reveal is that they are the same person, we dont reveal this until like the end. when the child puts a book down, and the old guy picks it up after, all dusty etc. something like that.
and of course there's my original idea, which should be easier than other ideas. 2 people (around our age im guessing, coz its easier to get actors), from different schools (obviously one would be from ours to make it easier) and somehow how they are connected. i still think the idea of the web conversation is good. but i cant think of a story.. just the concept.
how frustrating.
but first we went through feedback of more stories we read over the week, and presented our stories about setting the scene.
apparently mine was better than i thought, as it appealed to all senses and integrated them (eg. as genvin said, the sound of echoes gave the room a visual appearance that it was large and empty)
good stuff i guess ^^
we have 2 tasks for next week:
the first is to critique smoeone else's work, preferably one that's been subscribed, so others know what we're tlaking about.
the second is to take on the persona of a character's (eg the one from last week) point of view and write as them.
this should be interesting.
i really should read those previous works more properly though.. it would help.
and i gained another idea for my story today.
a relatively old dude, his story, and at the same time a young boy's story. integrated of course. what we dont reveal is that they are the same person, we dont reveal this until like the end. when the child puts a book down, and the old guy picks it up after, all dusty etc. something like that.
and of course there's my original idea, which should be easier than other ideas. 2 people (around our age im guessing, coz its easier to get actors), from different schools (obviously one would be from ours to make it easier) and somehow how they are connected. i still think the idea of the web conversation is good. but i cant think of a story.. just the concept.
how frustrating.
phys (1117) Space: [c] analyzing flm
we were in computer room 11 today, after mr pitt arrived late. i couldnt tell my epic tale of how i put a fire out in the boys toilets -.- some juniors lit heaps of paper towel on fire.
anyway.
we used the program logger pro, to put dots on each frame of our video, and graph the resuts.
as expcted, the y displacement vs time was parabolic, and x displacement vs time was a straight line.
woohoo for accurate predictions! must get that file now.
anyway.
we used the program logger pro, to put dots on each frame of our video, and graph the resuts.
as expcted, the y displacement vs time was parabolic, and x displacement vs time was a straight line.
woohoo for accurate predictions! must get that file now.
bio (1117) - Mab: [p] exhaled air pH
so.
one of the products of respiration is CO2, which we breathe out when we exhale. now they move around the body through the blood as well, and they are bumped around by hydrogen. so when we exhale, we're actually exhaling hydrogen too. therefore, our breath should be slightly acidic. we tested this today.
first of all, we got limewater, and blew into it using a straw. of course it turned milky, proving that we exhale CO2
the second part, the probe was being dodgy, so we skipped ahead to using universal indicator, which was also dodgy.
first it said our distilled water was acidic, so we had to change bottles.
so anyway.. it started off green (pH 7) and thompson blew into it for 2min. within the first 30 seconds though, it changed colour and came down to pinky-orange (pH 5) and that's where it stayed 'til the end pretty much
one of the products of respiration is CO2, which we breathe out when we exhale. now they move around the body through the blood as well, and they are bumped around by hydrogen. so when we exhale, we're actually exhaling hydrogen too. therefore, our breath should be slightly acidic. we tested this today.
first of all, we got limewater, and blew into it using a straw. of course it turned milky, proving that we exhale CO2
the second part, the probe was being dodgy, so we skipped ahead to using universal indicator, which was also dodgy.
first it said our distilled water was acidic, so we had to change bottles.
so anyway.. it started off green (pH 7) and thompson blew into it for 2min. within the first 30 seconds though, it changed colour and came down to pinky-orange (pH 5) and that's where it stayed 'til the end pretty much
Monday, November 16, 2009
math (1116) - Quad: quadratic polynomial
new topic started today: the quadratic polynomial
its pretty straight forward, today we just went through dot points and the basics, revision from all that parabola stuff we did earlier in the year.
man i did not miss them -.-
take forever to do.. so much space
anyway.. terms we have to get to know and use properly:
monic - quadratic where the value before x^2 is 1
coeffcient - the number before the pronumeral basically
leading term - the term with the highest power (x^2)
constant term - the one with no pronumeral
root - x co-ordinates where y = 0 (ie. the x-intercept)
zero - the same thing as root
we all know the quadratic funcion:
y = ax^2 + bx + c
got it memorized?
and if the coeffcient of x^2 is positive, the graph will be concave up, if negative it'll be concave down.
note that as the coeffcient of x^2 gets larger, the graph becomes narrower, and as the coefficient becomes smaller, the graph becomes wider
all basic stuff really.
its pretty straight forward, today we just went through dot points and the basics, revision from all that parabola stuff we did earlier in the year.
man i did not miss them -.-
take forever to do.. so much space
anyway.. terms we have to get to know and use properly:
monic - quadratic where the value before x^2 is 1
coeffcient - the number before the pronumeral basically
leading term - the term with the highest power (x^2)
constant term - the one with no pronumeral
root - x co-ordinates where y = 0 (ie. the x-intercept)
zero - the same thing as root
we all know the quadratic funcion:
y = ax^2 + bx + c
got it memorized?
and if the coeffcient of x^2 is positive, the graph will be concave up, if negative it'll be concave down.
note that as the coeffcient of x^2 gets larger, the graph becomes narrower, and as the coefficient becomes smaller, the graph becomes wider
all basic stuff really.
phys (1116) Space: [p] filming trajectory
today we did a prac, a familiar prac, about throwing a basketball and filming it. we'll analyze it and further work with it later.. but for now.. we discussed things about it first, then filmed it.
we decided to use the big pipe thing coz it measured up to be 2m long, and it would be totally visible in the video.
the thing was the scale had to be in the same plane as the trajectory (in order to produce accurate results/readings)
oh and apparently the scale might not have been exactly 2m accorind to zhou and monger
wth monger is an english word? haha
and i suggested the camera has to be at the right angle, it cant be looking up or side on of the ball, the lense has to be parallel to the plane of the trajectory (in terms of x and y movement)
catch me?
so we went out, and i filmed udit and tommy throwing the ball back and forth.. hopefully we got some good shots
we decided to use the big pipe thing coz it measured up to be 2m long, and it would be totally visible in the video.
the thing was the scale had to be in the same plane as the trajectory (in order to produce accurate results/readings)
oh and apparently the scale might not have been exactly 2m accorind to zhou and monger
wth monger is an english word? haha
and i suggested the camera has to be at the right angle, it cant be looking up or side on of the ball, the lense has to be parallel to the plane of the trajectory (in terms of x and y movement)
catch me?
so we went out, and i filmed udit and tommy throwing the ball back and forth.. hopefully we got some good shots
eng (1116) - CST: atwood 2
not much to say here. but we finished the speech today.
today's section, we basically read about more examples of women characters, this time how they are bad and either murderers or seducers. there was a lot of talk about sex. about adultery, trading military secrets for sex, and "using men as ambulatory bank-accounts" and the many times that people have tried to have these books banned.
but as we discussed last week, having something secret, makes people more curious about it.
atwood concluded the speech with a few aphorisms (sayings) such as:
- life is short
- art is long
- motives are complex
- human nature is endlessly fascinating
those were the 4. notice the last one about human nature is the longest and most well-worded there, making it all the more interesting.
she talked about for whoever reads this, what lies beyond the door that is begging to be unlocked? for men it might be their anima (noone in the class knew what that was excpet me, i dont know if i should be proud of that) and for women it might be their shadow.
everyone has "subterrranean depths", everyone has something underneath, their mind or whatever.
evil women exist in real life so they should exist in literature.
she even quotes an old feminist from 1912, dame rebecca west: "ladies of great britain... we have not enough evil in us"
then atwood says "note where she locates the desired evil. in us"
today's section, we basically read about more examples of women characters, this time how they are bad and either murderers or seducers. there was a lot of talk about sex. about adultery, trading military secrets for sex, and "using men as ambulatory bank-accounts" and the many times that people have tried to have these books banned.
but as we discussed last week, having something secret, makes people more curious about it.
atwood concluded the speech with a few aphorisms (sayings) such as:
- life is short
- art is long
- motives are complex
- human nature is endlessly fascinating
those were the 4. notice the last one about human nature is the longest and most well-worded there, making it all the more interesting.
she talked about for whoever reads this, what lies beyond the door that is begging to be unlocked? for men it might be their anima (noone in the class knew what that was excpet me, i dont know if i should be proud of that) and for women it might be their shadow.
everyone has "subterrranean depths", everyone has something underneath, their mind or whatever.
evil women exist in real life so they should exist in literature.
she even quotes an old feminist from 1912, dame rebecca west: "ladies of great britain... we have not enough evil in us"
then atwood says "note where she locates the desired evil. in us"
bio (1116) - MaB: haemoglobin
letsee.. a lot to talk about in today's post.
today's subject of discussion was haemoglobin, the substance within red blood cells that attracts oxygen and takes it to cells in the body.
haemoglobin is composed of haem (made of iron, thus is red) and globin, which is a helix of proteins that is folded around 5-7 times.
mr mahfouz explained that there is approx 2-3 million molecules of haemoglobin in a single RBC (red blood cell), and remember there are 4-7million RBCs in 1mL of blood, and on average 5L of blood in a person. so that's a crapload of haemoglobin, and considering they each fit 4 oxygen molecules, thats a lot of oxygen.
thing is the book said 200-300 million, i dunno where the error is there.. i have to clear that up tomorrow.
so. once again fouzeh described haemoglobin's oxygen capacity to be like car seats. 4 seats. and once one is fillled, all 4 must be filled immediately. so that haemoglobin carries either 4 or 0 oxygen molecules.
fouzeh used a brilliant analogy of the haemoglobin's ability to easily obtain oxygen from the alveoli as a "beautiful blonde girl". someone who can really easily attract/pick up a guy (oxygen) and a few minutes later.. just as easily dump him (somewhere in the cells hahaha)
fouzeh talked about something called partial pressure, which is basically air pressure. air pressure is measured in mmHg (mm of mercury) i dont know why.. i'll ask that tomorrow too. but it basically means, in 1cm^2 of land on the earth, all the way upwards 'til the end of the atmosphere, what is the concentration of air. it turns out to be 760mmHg. and approx 21% is oxygen, so we get something like 160.
we looked at a diagram to haev a look at the PO2 (P = partial pressure, O2 = oxygen) and PCO2. the oxygen moved around quite abit, i suppose tahts coz haemoglobin is made for carrying oxygen. the way it transports this is simple, it's all diffusion. oxygen moves from an area of high concentration (lungs) to areas of low concentration (blood vessels) to be carried around. when it eventually reaches capillaries (very narrow vessels, like 1 cell wide in diameter) oxygen is dumped in the cells and the liquid surrounding them.
around 98% of oxygen is carried around by blood cells, the other 2% is dissolved in the blood's plasma.
fouzeh used an example.
8 years ago when the socceroos were going to south america for the world cup, they were told that it wouldnt be good for them, coz they would be playing 1000m above sea level (where air pressure/concentration) is lower. so to fix that, they were sent there two weeks prior to the game, to adapt. so that their body could produce more blood cells, and wider vessels to fit them.
apparently mountain folk have wide vessels.
last thing, haemoglobin saturation. if there are 4 haemoglobin molecules, and 2 of them haev oxygen attached, it would be 50% saturation. etc
today's subject of discussion was haemoglobin, the substance within red blood cells that attracts oxygen and takes it to cells in the body.
haemoglobin is composed of haem (made of iron, thus is red) and globin, which is a helix of proteins that is folded around 5-7 times.
mr mahfouz explained that there is approx 2-3 million molecules of haemoglobin in a single RBC (red blood cell), and remember there are 4-7million RBCs in 1mL of blood, and on average 5L of blood in a person. so that's a crapload of haemoglobin, and considering they each fit 4 oxygen molecules, thats a lot of oxygen.
thing is the book said 200-300 million, i dunno where the error is there.. i have to clear that up tomorrow.
so. once again fouzeh described haemoglobin's oxygen capacity to be like car seats. 4 seats. and once one is fillled, all 4 must be filled immediately. so that haemoglobin carries either 4 or 0 oxygen molecules.
fouzeh used a brilliant analogy of the haemoglobin's ability to easily obtain oxygen from the alveoli as a "beautiful blonde girl". someone who can really easily attract/pick up a guy (oxygen) and a few minutes later.. just as easily dump him (somewhere in the cells hahaha)
fouzeh talked about something called partial pressure, which is basically air pressure. air pressure is measured in mmHg (mm of mercury) i dont know why.. i'll ask that tomorrow too. but it basically means, in 1cm^2 of land on the earth, all the way upwards 'til the end of the atmosphere, what is the concentration of air. it turns out to be 760mmHg. and approx 21% is oxygen, so we get something like 160.
we looked at a diagram to haev a look at the PO2 (P = partial pressure, O2 = oxygen) and PCO2. the oxygen moved around quite abit, i suppose tahts coz haemoglobin is made for carrying oxygen. the way it transports this is simple, it's all diffusion. oxygen moves from an area of high concentration (lungs) to areas of low concentration (blood vessels) to be carried around. when it eventually reaches capillaries (very narrow vessels, like 1 cell wide in diameter) oxygen is dumped in the cells and the liquid surrounding them.
around 98% of oxygen is carried around by blood cells, the other 2% is dissolved in the blood's plasma.
fouzeh used an example.
8 years ago when the socceroos were going to south america for the world cup, they were told that it wouldnt be good for them, coz they would be playing 1000m above sea level (where air pressure/concentration) is lower. so to fix that, they were sent there two weeks prior to the game, to adapt. so that their body could produce more blood cells, and wider vessels to fit them.
apparently mountain folk have wide vessels.
last thing, haemoglobin saturation. if there are 4 haemoglobin molecules, and 2 of them haev oxygen attached, it would be 50% saturation. etc
Friday, November 13, 2009
ag (1113) - Lettuce: affecting growth
at first, we were analyzing graphs, pretty straight forward.
as temp increases, both photosynthesis and respiration increase.. but like after 40 it drops. and photosynthesis increases as light intensity increases, except over 30000lux
also.. plants mostly use indigo and orange light to photosynthesize, hardly use blue, green or yellow, and done use red at all.
we also talked about P = G + E again
phenotype = genotype + environment
its mostly environmental factors that affect a plant's growth.. mostly management in fact, and competition actually affects plants the least.
and letsee.. to ensure heaps of glucose is there for respiration.. just keep the plant healthy and free of pests and diseases.. understandable i guess.
heat beds in greenhouses can regulate soil temperature and irrigation still controls water levels and temperature
as temp increases, both photosynthesis and respiration increase.. but like after 40 it drops. and photosynthesis increases as light intensity increases, except over 30000lux
also.. plants mostly use indigo and orange light to photosynthesize, hardly use blue, green or yellow, and done use red at all.
we also talked about P = G + E again
phenotype = genotype + environment
its mostly environmental factors that affect a plant's growth.. mostly management in fact, and competition actually affects plants the least.
and letsee.. to ensure heaps of glucose is there for respiration.. just keep the plant healthy and free of pests and diseases.. understandable i guess.
heat beds in greenhouses can regulate soil temperature and irrigation still controls water levels and temperature
ext1 (1113) - behind the badge
today we finished watching "hollywood: behind the badge" and so i shall jot down a summary of notes.. (check book for full list)
- early 20th century crime was due to poverty
- 1920s based in new york, busy streets etc
- 1930s had gangs etc, and also asian detectives
- 1940s hardboiled cop and sherlock holmes, different story but same time
- 1950s after WWII, heaps of international enemies, and all-american heroes
- 1960s first car chase, new kinds of cops including black and female
- 1970s heaps of police TV shows, instead of movies, also shows that were more real
- 1980s people started questioning cops.. shows about personal lives
- 1990s included international terrorism, action-heroes and reality, real crimes which scared people
- early 20th century crime was due to poverty
- 1920s based in new york, busy streets etc
- 1930s had gangs etc, and also asian detectives
- 1940s hardboiled cop and sherlock holmes, different story but same time
- 1950s after WWII, heaps of international enemies, and all-american heroes
- 1960s first car chase, new kinds of cops including black and female
- 1970s heaps of police TV shows, instead of movies, also shows that were more real
- 1980s people started questioning cops.. shows about personal lives
- 1990s included international terrorism, action-heroes and reality, real crimes which scared people
eng (1113) - CST: atwood 1
we've been doing atwood for the past few days, but not mcuh to say that's not already on the sheets.
she's talking about how many feminists are trying to censor and really narrow the roles of females in literature, especially back in the 1970s. but atwood (speaking in the 1990s) says how that's boring and just like having breakfast, not very exciting.
she argues (and uses a lot of examples from texts) that people need to be bad in order for awesome stories to come about. she talks about being bad being human, and that's what makes life interesting, and that's why men are usually the interesting characters coz they're usually the villains.
today, we reached the point where she lists a bunch of female villains, talking about medea (jason's [as in argonauts] wife) medusa, delilah (as in sampson) goneril and regan lady macbeth and one.. sula.
she also made reference to fairy tales such as snow white, that glorify housekeeping.. but there's also the evil queen whom atwood seems highly interested in, and she talks of cinderella.. we talked about the original story todya in class.. funny coz on a black friday back in feb we talked about the same thing too hahaha.
she's talking about how many feminists are trying to censor and really narrow the roles of females in literature, especially back in the 1970s. but atwood (speaking in the 1990s) says how that's boring and just like having breakfast, not very exciting.
she argues (and uses a lot of examples from texts) that people need to be bad in order for awesome stories to come about. she talks about being bad being human, and that's what makes life interesting, and that's why men are usually the interesting characters coz they're usually the villains.
today, we reached the point where she lists a bunch of female villains, talking about medea (jason's [as in argonauts] wife) medusa, delilah (as in sampson) goneril and regan lady macbeth and one.. sula.
she also made reference to fairy tales such as snow white, that glorify housekeeping.. but there's also the evil queen whom atwood seems highly interested in, and she talks of cinderella.. we talked about the original story todya in class.. funny coz on a black friday back in feb we talked about the same thing too hahaha.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
bio (1112) - MaB: [p] size of blood cells
i missed out on half the lesson coz of prefect meeting.. but i got the general geist.
it goes like this..
at 100x zoom (10 in the lens x 10 in the thingy) we measure (using a transparent ruler) the diameter of the field of view (circle that we see) getting around 1.8 - 2mm, which is converted to 180-200 micrometers
then we zoom into 400x zoom and count the amount of red blood cells seen in an imaginary diameter (around 50) and compare it to the length of the diameter to obtain the size of red blood cells.
white blood cells to measure size, are measured in porportion to the red, (about 1.5 times the red)
their nucleus appeared big and purple
it goes like this..
at 100x zoom (10 in the lens x 10 in the thingy) we measure (using a transparent ruler) the diameter of the field of view (circle that we see) getting around 1.8 - 2mm, which is converted to 180-200 micrometers
then we zoom into 400x zoom and count the amount of red blood cells seen in an imaginary diameter (around 50) and compare it to the length of the diameter to obtain the size of red blood cells.
white blood cells to measure size, are measured in porportion to the red, (about 1.5 times the red)
their nucleus appeared big and purple
ag (1112) - Lettuce: photosynthesis & respiration
this was our last lesson on working with the plant production topic.
first we talked about what overspraying (pesticides) can do.. it was mainly impact the enfironment.. in 4 ways:
- kills worms and other decomposers in the soil
- kills beneficial insects such as ladybird beetles, bees and predatory wasps
- kills aquatic organisms such as fish and seaweed (if getting into waterways)
- harms humans (if they drink from these waterways) and grazing livestock like cows or sheep
then we talked about photosynthesis and respiration, which we know that are pretty much each other's opposite processes.
water + CO2 -> (light energy goes in) -> glucose + oxygen
the glucose is the main product and oxygen is the byproduct
cellular respiration is the opposite
glucose + oxygen -> (ATPs released) -> water + CO2
coz oxygen is needed to release ATPs from glucose
the net assimiliation rate (NAR) refers to the rate at, which the plant grows. ie. the difference between photosynthesis and respiration. if its equal to 0, the plant just survives.. it doesnt grow.
photosynthesis and respiration is most easily controlled in greenhouses.
to control PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
- CO2 sensors detect when to pump gas into greenhouse
- temperature can be regulated with irrigation (water cools things) and airconditioning in greenhouses
- irrigation (eg drip irrigation) helps control water, and ground cover (eg mulch) helps to reduce waterloss
- light wavelength. this one is confusing. greenhouses are green to reflect green wavelength light out. plants dont need green wavelength light to photosynthesize (probably why plants are green too) and so the greenhouse reflects green light away and the rest comes in.
- to control light exposure (it cant really be controlled for field crops) but indoor crops it can be controlled by using artificial lights (to extend or control day length) tricking plants into fruiting (flowering out of season)
we didnt talk about respiration yet.. i take it we will tomorrow
first we talked about what overspraying (pesticides) can do.. it was mainly impact the enfironment.. in 4 ways:
- kills worms and other decomposers in the soil
- kills beneficial insects such as ladybird beetles, bees and predatory wasps
- kills aquatic organisms such as fish and seaweed (if getting into waterways)
- harms humans (if they drink from these waterways) and grazing livestock like cows or sheep
then we talked about photosynthesis and respiration, which we know that are pretty much each other's opposite processes.
water + CO2 -> (light energy goes in) -> glucose + oxygen
the glucose is the main product and oxygen is the byproduct
cellular respiration is the opposite
glucose + oxygen -> (ATPs released) -> water + CO2
coz oxygen is needed to release ATPs from glucose
the net assimiliation rate (NAR) refers to the rate at, which the plant grows. ie. the difference between photosynthesis and respiration. if its equal to 0, the plant just survives.. it doesnt grow.
photosynthesis and respiration is most easily controlled in greenhouses.
to control PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
- CO2 sensors detect when to pump gas into greenhouse
- temperature can be regulated with irrigation (water cools things) and airconditioning in greenhouses
- irrigation (eg drip irrigation) helps control water, and ground cover (eg mulch) helps to reduce waterloss
- light wavelength. this one is confusing. greenhouses are green to reflect green wavelength light out. plants dont need green wavelength light to photosynthesize (probably why plants are green too) and so the greenhouse reflects green light away and the rest comes in.
- to control light exposure (it cant really be controlled for field crops) but indoor crops it can be controlled by using artificial lights (to extend or control day length) tricking plants into fruiting (flowering out of season)
we didnt talk about respiration yet.. i take it we will tomorrow
math (1112) - Calc: tangents & normals
the last bit of introductory calculus O.O
time flies when you're having fun.
we know how to work out the tangent of a curve at a certain point already, correct?
its basically the derivative of the function, when subbing the x coordinate into where x is.
that will give us the tangent.
and to get the normal
we remember that
m1 x m2 = -1
where the m's are the gradients of the tangent and normal
that's the rule for perpendicular lines with COORDINATE GEOMETRY which i must.. re-go over
time flies when you're having fun.
we know how to work out the tangent of a curve at a certain point already, correct?
its basically the derivative of the function, when subbing the x coordinate into where x is.
that will give us the tangent.
and to get the normal
we remember that
m1 x m2 = -1
where the m's are the gradients of the tangent and normal
that's the rule for perpendicular lines with COORDINATE GEOMETRY which i must.. re-go over
phys (1112) - Space: projectile motion
so talking about projectile motion today, after watching a few random videos of projectile motion in action in real life.. ie people jumping, flying around etc. a lot of ski bail videos too haha.
when talking about projectile motion, horizontal velocity is constant, but vertical is not. this can be shown with a diagram that follows an object being for example thrown, and ruled from the centre.
usually we get a parabola-like shape for these kinds of diagrams, and they are symmetrical about a vertical line somewhere in the middle, this is assuming air resistance doesn't really affect the throw (like it would with say a ping pong ball) also the time it takes on either side of that vertical should be equal.
i cant remember much else we talked about.. but mr pitt said he would send us an email witht he powerpoint that we used today.
when talking about projectile motion, horizontal velocity is constant, but vertical is not. this can be shown with a diagram that follows an object being for example thrown, and ruled from the centre.
usually we get a parabola-like shape for these kinds of diagrams, and they are symmetrical about a vertical line somewhere in the middle, this is assuming air resistance doesn't really affect the throw (like it would with say a ping pong ball) also the time it takes on either side of that vertical should be equal.
i cant remember much else we talked about.. but mr pitt said he would send us an email witht he powerpoint that we used today.
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
ext2 (1110) - day 3: character
the day was pretty much dedicated to checking our many pieces of hw
to start off the day.. we talked about the random characters we encountered on the train or bus last week. i shared my story about the random girl on the train with the ipod and cosmetics bag, and though my story was mainly about figuring out what her story was, many other people assumed a story from the person they saw, which i think what the task was really asking for -.-
apparently.. i've been told that i have to start thinking as if it were a movie, even though films start with the narrative.. but i guess it makes sense... perhaps next task such as this i'll write it like a play script.
then we talked about places of inspiration this week. i talked about my encounters on niceshorts.com. strange movies there.. particularly the soviet satire one.. i didnt think that was funny.. and explained to the teacher that i now understand that what might be funny for us, wouldnt be funny for other people.
the teacher handed me a dvd to check out for next time.
we went through the A range stories and how people marked them etc, this was mainly time for the critical response people to shine. i guess it gives us a good view of what kind of work we should be doing to get into that A range, even if some people do find it weird.
ooh i smell dinner. smells like victory.
oh and on that note.. yesterday when someone asked about describing smells when setting the scene, smells are generally associated with taste, so words such as sweet or sour could work. poems such as "country towns" are good sources for inspiration on setting, any good poem is i suppose.. i remember reading one about london in the early morning that was excellent.
our task for next week is to describe something, a setting, so its all imagery.. this should be good for me, i can do this kind of stuff. im thinking of describing somewhere quiet and meant to be peaceful, like a church.. like last year when a friend of mine stepped in for the first time in years
to start off the day.. we talked about the random characters we encountered on the train or bus last week. i shared my story about the random girl on the train with the ipod and cosmetics bag, and though my story was mainly about figuring out what her story was, many other people assumed a story from the person they saw, which i think what the task was really asking for -.-
apparently.. i've been told that i have to start thinking as if it were a movie, even though films start with the narrative.. but i guess it makes sense... perhaps next task such as this i'll write it like a play script.
then we talked about places of inspiration this week. i talked about my encounters on niceshorts.com. strange movies there.. particularly the soviet satire one.. i didnt think that was funny.. and explained to the teacher that i now understand that what might be funny for us, wouldnt be funny for other people.
the teacher handed me a dvd to check out for next time.
we went through the A range stories and how people marked them etc, this was mainly time for the critical response people to shine. i guess it gives us a good view of what kind of work we should be doing to get into that A range, even if some people do find it weird.
ooh i smell dinner. smells like victory.
oh and on that note.. yesterday when someone asked about describing smells when setting the scene, smells are generally associated with taste, so words such as sweet or sour could work. poems such as "country towns" are good sources for inspiration on setting, any good poem is i suppose.. i remember reading one about london in the early morning that was excellent.
our task for next week is to describe something, a setting, so its all imagery.. this should be good for me, i can do this kind of stuff. im thinking of describing somewhere quiet and meant to be peaceful, like a church.. like last year when a friend of mine stepped in for the first time in years
math (1110) - Calc: quotient rule
if y = v/u
then
y` = (vu` - uv`)/v^2
do yo ucatch that?
thats pretty much it
not necessary all the time to use it.. but it comes in handy
then
y` = (vu` - uv`)/v^2
do yo ucatch that?
thats pretty much it
not necessary all the time to use it.. but it comes in handy
bio (1110) - MaB: transport systems
we talked about transport systems today.. in particular.. blood.
normal people on average have around 5L of blood.
blood is around 45% blood cells and 55% plasma methinks, and 90% of that plasma is water.. the rest is anything random at all in your body that oculd be floating around in the blood.
blood is produced in the bone marrow, and is replaced every few weeks or so by new blood.
blood consists of 3 main types of cells.
RED BLOOD CELLS (around 7 million in 1mL)
- used to carry oxygen to cells.
- red substance haemoglobin attaches oxygen, becoming oxyhaemoglobin
- mature red blood cells have no nucleus
- they are disc shaped, thicker around the outside
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (around 4000 in 1mL)
- soldiers of body, produce antibodies
- fight of disease by engulfing them
- bigger than red cells, and are spherical
- sick people, or diseased people tend to have more white blood cells, particularly leukaemia
PLATELETS (around 40000 in 1mL)
- formed from cell fragments
- clot blood when exposed to air
- clotting prevents us from bleeding to death
- platelets can clot in long air travel, new disease
- much smaller than red or white cells
normal people on average have around 5L of blood.
blood is around 45% blood cells and 55% plasma methinks, and 90% of that plasma is water.. the rest is anything random at all in your body that oculd be floating around in the blood.
blood is produced in the bone marrow, and is replaced every few weeks or so by new blood.
blood consists of 3 main types of cells.
RED BLOOD CELLS (around 7 million in 1mL)
- used to carry oxygen to cells.
- red substance haemoglobin attaches oxygen, becoming oxyhaemoglobin
- mature red blood cells have no nucleus
- they are disc shaped, thicker around the outside
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (around 4000 in 1mL)
- soldiers of body, produce antibodies
- fight of disease by engulfing them
- bigger than red cells, and are spherical
- sick people, or diseased people tend to have more white blood cells, particularly leukaemia
PLATELETS (around 40000 in 1mL)
- formed from cell fragments
- clot blood when exposed to air
- clotting prevents us from bleeding to death
- platelets can clot in long air travel, new disease
- much smaller than red or white cells
math (1109) - Calc: product rule
its a simple rule:
if y = uv
then
y` = uv` + vu`
ie.
(dy/dx) = u(dv/dx) + v (du/dx)
if y = uv
then
y` = uv` + vu`
ie.
(dy/dx) = u(dv/dx) + v (du/dx)
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
ag (1109) - Lettuce: pest triangles
we had a look at these pest triangle thingies.
the pest or disease would be in the middle of the triangle, the host at the top, the source on the bottom left, and the preferred environment of the pest on the right
using these, we deduced things which are all in written in my book, things like coz sowthistle weeds host sowthistle aphids, clearing the weeds can reduce aphid popultions.
then we had a look at the resistance of pests.
it works like this
an insecticide is sprayed, not all pests are killed.. and the survivors breed and pass on that trait.. after a while, they will be immune.
to reduce this, one could alternate between chemicals, or use IPM so its not always necessary to use chemicals.
spraying more often or more concentrated could work better though.
but things that oculd lead to higher speed of development of resistance include:
- spraying many times in a season
- underspraying or overspraying
- not rotating chemmicals
- or too high/low concentration of chemical
the pest or disease would be in the middle of the triangle, the host at the top, the source on the bottom left, and the preferred environment of the pest on the right
using these, we deduced things which are all in written in my book, things like coz sowthistle weeds host sowthistle aphids, clearing the weeds can reduce aphid popultions.
then we had a look at the resistance of pests.
it works like this
an insecticide is sprayed, not all pests are killed.. and the survivors breed and pass on that trait.. after a while, they will be immune.
to reduce this, one could alternate between chemicals, or use IPM so its not always necessary to use chemicals.
spraying more often or more concentrated could work better though.
but things that oculd lead to higher speed of development of resistance include:
- spraying many times in a season
- underspraying or overspraying
- not rotating chemmicals
- or too high/low concentration of chemical
Friday, November 6, 2009
math (1106) - Calc: short function of function
didn't have much lesson time, it was mostly reviewing differentiation.
the one thing we learned:
if we get another
(ax +b)^n
where n > 2
then all we have to do is differntiate that as a whole, then differentiate the thing on the inside and add it to the end
the one thing we learned:
if we get another
(ax +b)^n
where n > 2
then all we have to do is differntiate that as a whole, then differentiate the thing on the inside and add it to the end
phys (1106) - skiing parabola
not much to note here, we were calculating the x and y displacement of a guy skiiing.
the most efficient way to do this is to make lines from the centre of gravity off to the side somewhere, to measure to scale.
me and amanda did the wrong thing -.- but oh wellers.. it's right now.
plotting our results will just give us a parabola, so plotting y against x^2 should give us a straight line if we were correct
the most efficient way to do this is to make lines from the centre of gravity off to the side somewhere, to measure to scale.
me and amanda did the wrong thing -.- but oh wellers.. it's right now.
plotting our results will just give us a parabola, so plotting y against x^2 should give us a straight line if we were correct
bio (1106) - MaB: plant temp. regulation
its mostly written on the sheets anyway.. but plants regulate temp in a number of ways..
in extreme heat, plants adapt bbbbyyy:
- having leaves that droop down like eucalypts, they get less direct hits from the sun.
- leaves with zig-zaggy edges lose more heat, coz edges are where the most heat is lost. zigzaggy edges lose more heat coz of higher length to surface area ratio
- heat is lost naturally through radiation and transpiration
- there are heat-shock proteins in some plants that protect the enzymes
- some plants actually drop leaves during summer
in extreme cold, they adapt bbbbyyyy:
- some plants have anti-freeze systems, ie. the cells are highly concentrated and so difficult to freeze.
- some plants dont release seeds until the temperature is warm enough
- some plants just die completely, then regenerate when its time
in extreme heat, plants adapt bbbbyyy:
- having leaves that droop down like eucalypts, they get less direct hits from the sun.
- leaves with zig-zaggy edges lose more heat, coz edges are where the most heat is lost. zigzaggy edges lose more heat coz of higher length to surface area ratio
- heat is lost naturally through radiation and transpiration
- there are heat-shock proteins in some plants that protect the enzymes
- some plants actually drop leaves during summer
in extreme cold, they adapt bbbbyyyy:
- some plants have anti-freeze systems, ie. the cells are highly concentrated and so difficult to freeze.
- some plants dont release seeds until the temperature is warm enough
- some plants just die completely, then regenerate when its time
Thursday, November 5, 2009
bio (1105) - MaB: temperature adaptations
talked about adaptations for native animals today, in particular about temperature moderation.
bringing back our friend the kangaroo
structural adaptations for heatloss include long ears (like the bilby has as well)
and behavioural to lose heat include licking forelimbs (evaporation, and there are heaps of blood vesselsa round here, just like the bilby's ears) and they sit in the shade when its hot
physiological adaptations include the fact they have really concentrated urine, to reduce waterloss as much as possible.
reptiles come out in the sunlight when its cold, and burrow when its hot.
dark colours absorb light, but we all knew that, but it almost means they absorb more heat.
and talking about the difference between torpor and hibernation:
- hibernation lasts for months (usually whole winter)
- hibernation greatly drops metabolism, heart rate and breathing
- temperature drops a little, but stays constant
- torpor only lasts for a week or two
- is common in bats
- their temperature drops greatly
also note that smaller animals lose heat faster because they have a higher surface area to volume ratio
bringing back our friend the kangaroo
structural adaptations for heatloss include long ears (like the bilby has as well)
and behavioural to lose heat include licking forelimbs (evaporation, and there are heaps of blood vesselsa round here, just like the bilby's ears) and they sit in the shade when its hot
physiological adaptations include the fact they have really concentrated urine, to reduce waterloss as much as possible.
reptiles come out in the sunlight when its cold, and burrow when its hot.
dark colours absorb light, but we all knew that, but it almost means they absorb more heat.
and talking about the difference between torpor and hibernation:
- hibernation lasts for months (usually whole winter)
- hibernation greatly drops metabolism, heart rate and breathing
- temperature drops a little, but stays constant
- torpor only lasts for a week or two
- is common in bats
- their temperature drops greatly
also note that smaller animals lose heat faster because they have a higher surface area to volume ratio
math (1105) - Calc: function of a function
went over something else first.. just revision but into differentiation.
square root x is like x ^ 1/2 basically.. so cube root is x ^ 1/3 etc. and of course x ^ -2 equals x/2
so yeah.. went by that with differentiation.
then.. we learned somehting new.. function of a function.. which was easier than i thought it would be. its for big powers. eg..
differentiate: (x+7)^9
you let u = the number, and y equal u to the pwoer of crap.. observe:
let u = x+7
(du)/(dx) (x+7)
= 1
let y = u^9
(dy)/(du) (u^9)
= 9u^8
then you multiply together.. and the two du cancel each other out.
(dy)/(dx) (1 x 9u^8)
= 9u^8
then you sub in the value of u that we let it equal coz it has to be x
so its 9(x+7)^8
so there ^^
square root x is like x ^ 1/2 basically.. so cube root is x ^ 1/3 etc. and of course x ^ -2 equals x/2
so yeah.. went by that with differentiation.
then.. we learned somehting new.. function of a function.. which was easier than i thought it would be. its for big powers. eg..
differentiate: (x+7)^9
you let u = the number, and y equal u to the pwoer of crap.. observe:
let u = x+7
(du)/(dx) (x+7)
= 1
let y = u^9
(dy)/(du) (u^9)
= 9u^8
then you multiply together.. and the two du cancel each other out.
(dy)/(dx) (1 x 9u^8)
= 9u^8
then you sub in the value of u that we let it equal coz it has to be x
so its 9(x+7)^8
so there ^^
phys (1105) - Space: motion detecting pendulum
we walked in, puzzled from our homework about the motion sensor prac thingo, to find that mr pitt had it all set up alerady.
the pendulum was hanging off a force detector, and in front of a motion detector.
so we timed the period using the motion detector, then calculated it using the formula to see if it was consistent.
then using the force results, there were 10 high force readings within 7.5 seconds. what happened was.. the kinetic energy is highest at the equilibrium point, coz thats when its at its fastest before it slows down while going upwards. and it hits that point twice peroscillation. so we end up with 1.5 as the period, consistent again.
then timing it again.. we all started getting 1.3, and the force said 12N suggesting that gravity in creased.. it took the class i while to realize mr pitt shoved a supermagnet under the desk to rig that last set of results -.-
the pendulum was hanging off a force detector, and in front of a motion detector.
so we timed the period using the motion detector, then calculated it using the formula to see if it was consistent.
then using the force results, there were 10 high force readings within 7.5 seconds. what happened was.. the kinetic energy is highest at the equilibrium point, coz thats when its at its fastest before it slows down while going upwards. and it hits that point twice peroscillation. so we end up with 1.5 as the period, consistent again.
then timing it again.. we all started getting 1.3, and the force said 12N suggesting that gravity in creased.. it took the class i while to realize mr pitt shoved a supermagnet under the desk to rig that last set of results -.-
eng (1105) - CST: suu kyi 2
there's never much i can write about in english these days, not that's not already on the sheets in the booklet.
in the next few pages, suu kyi talks about how women have all these positive qualities and crap and that the home is their realm.
she talks about if women can handle doing all this stuff int he home, then they can bring it to the world and make the world awesome.
she talks abot even men acknowledge tat women should be more involved with government crap.
also, a little on history, burmese girls often flee the country to thailand and become prostitutes.. and somehow tahts a life thats better than staying in burma. shall dig into this further soon
in the next few pages, suu kyi talks about how women have all these positive qualities and crap and that the home is their realm.
she talks about if women can handle doing all this stuff int he home, then they can bring it to the world and make the world awesome.
she talks abot even men acknowledge tat women should be more involved with government crap.
also, a little on history, burmese girls often flee the country to thailand and become prostitutes.. and somehow tahts a life thats better than staying in burma. shall dig into this further soon
ag (1104) - Lettuce: [p] aphid under microscope
not really much theory behind today's lesson, we just looked at aphids that we picked up on the farm under microscopes.
up close they're actually pretty gross, and green ones look weird.
but we could see them movnig around, but not really sapsucking.. but yeah.
the spider was intersting though haha. eating its own leg? or cleaning it or something..
up close they're actually pretty gross, and green ones look weird.
but we could see them movnig around, but not really sapsucking.. but yeah.
the spider was intersting though haha. eating its own leg? or cleaning it or something..
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
bio (1104) - MaB: temperature adaptations
today we talked about different animals living in different temperatures.
on earth, species can survive in temperatures as low as -50, all the way up to 250.
except, each individual species has a narrow bracket thing in which they can survive. eg, we humans can live in say 15 to around 30/40 without any major adaptations (eg clothes or aircon or whatnot)
we talked about endotherms like people, who produce their own heat, therefore must eat everyday. and ectotherms like crocs who acutally only eat like once a week O_O
so like.. its coz we regulate our temperature.
for animals that hibernate, what they do is in their sleep (which they only breathe like once per 5min, its really really hardcore sleep) what they do is they burn off their fat, and they have like a body clcok that wakes them up after winter.
adaptations for diff temps include ears, which are larger/longer in hot areas to lose more heat, like with kangaroos or dogs. likewise, arctic foxes have small ears.
marine mammals like whales can live in icy cold waters due to their layers of blubber keeping the heat that they produce from escaping. what happens with whales and dolphins in their blood, is they have countercurrents, which means their veins and arteries are like right next to each other, so the should-be cold used blood gets warmed up before it hits the heart again.
on earth, species can survive in temperatures as low as -50, all the way up to 250.
except, each individual species has a narrow bracket thing in which they can survive. eg, we humans can live in say 15 to around 30/40 without any major adaptations (eg clothes or aircon or whatnot)
we talked about endotherms like people, who produce their own heat, therefore must eat everyday. and ectotherms like crocs who acutally only eat like once a week O_O
so like.. its coz we regulate our temperature.
for animals that hibernate, what they do is in their sleep (which they only breathe like once per 5min, its really really hardcore sleep) what they do is they burn off their fat, and they have like a body clcok that wakes them up after winter.
adaptations for diff temps include ears, which are larger/longer in hot areas to lose more heat, like with kangaroos or dogs. likewise, arctic foxes have small ears.
marine mammals like whales can live in icy cold waters due to their layers of blubber keeping the heat that they produce from escaping. what happens with whales and dolphins in their blood, is they have countercurrents, which means their veins and arteries are like right next to each other, so the should-be cold used blood gets warmed up before it hits the heart again.
eng (1104) - CST: suu kyi 1
we started with suu kyi's speech today, more about justice etc.
but we went through contextual things first.. about suu kyi, and her house arrest, and inability to see her children and husband and all that.
i actually dont have much to say on this.. what notes can you make that arent arleady scribbled into the book? x.x
just go check it.. waste to double up notes.
but we went through contextual things first.. about suu kyi, and her house arrest, and inability to see her children and husband and all that.
i actually dont have much to say on this.. what notes can you make that arent arleady scribbled into the book? x.x
just go check it.. waste to double up notes.
ext2 (1103) - day 2: inspiration
after going through what we can expect over the next few terms.. we began talking about where we've been getting inspiration over the past week.
a lot of people read books, coz thats what they're meant to do, but me i said my inspiration came from mary & max.
i still dont know what to do about my story.
should i really go for one of those touching-ish stories like that peek-a-boo one? or should i go for something funny?
dont know..
in an attempt to ask ms what NOT to do.. as in in terms of it being crap, she just said dont do teenage romance. i was gonna do some kind of teenage connectiont hing, but i dunno about romance, i was more gonna do some kind of outer-school connection thing, inspired by mary & max, and my own experience with friends outside of school.
she also said not to do things coz we're not really meant to: rape, suicide, drugs, all that dodgy stuff.
but yeah.. we had to try describe random people we saw on the train/bus in the next week, and i wrote my story about the first person i saw, a girl from all saints casula? i didnt even know there WAS an all saints in casula, but yeah.. at least i did my hw already.. less to worrya bout.
oh and apparently i should check out a site known ass
niceshorts.com.au
coz it has mad short movies there.. when i haev time probably friday.
and to have a look at entrants in recent comps.. josh is arranging that for me.. so awesome.
i just needa think better about my story and stuff.
6-8min
i've decided i'm actually gonna make the movie.. coz script is boring and too long. 20-30min? x_x seriously.. gay..
soo..
video it is ^^
a lot of people read books, coz thats what they're meant to do, but me i said my inspiration came from mary & max.
i still dont know what to do about my story.
should i really go for one of those touching-ish stories like that peek-a-boo one? or should i go for something funny?
dont know..
in an attempt to ask ms what NOT to do.. as in in terms of it being crap, she just said dont do teenage romance. i was gonna do some kind of teenage connectiont hing, but i dunno about romance, i was more gonna do some kind of outer-school connection thing, inspired by mary & max, and my own experience with friends outside of school.
she also said not to do things coz we're not really meant to: rape, suicide, drugs, all that dodgy stuff.
but yeah.. we had to try describe random people we saw on the train/bus in the next week, and i wrote my story about the first person i saw, a girl from all saints casula? i didnt even know there WAS an all saints in casula, but yeah.. at least i did my hw already.. less to worrya bout.
oh and apparently i should check out a site known ass
niceshorts.com.au
coz it has mad short movies there.. when i haev time probably friday.
and to have a look at entrants in recent comps.. josh is arranging that for me.. so awesome.
i just needa think better about my story and stuff.
6-8min
i've decided i'm actually gonna make the movie.. coz script is boring and too long. 20-30min? x_x seriously.. gay..
soo..
video it is ^^
phys (1103) - Space: pendulum formula cont
we went overthe pendulum formula again today, but instead.. we did it for T^2
which is like...
T^2 = 4(pi) l/g
something like that.
now graphing that would result in a line, as opposed to the curvy thing of the other formula.
we also watched videos from julius sumner miller.
hahaha good stuff.
he wasnt much on demonstrating, but basiclaly its only length that makes a difference in period, not really mass or angle.
which is like...
T^2 = 4(pi) l/g
something like that.
now graphing that would result in a line, as opposed to the curvy thing of the other formula.
we also watched videos from julius sumner miller.
hahaha good stuff.
he wasnt much on demonstrating, but basiclaly its only length that makes a difference in period, not really mass or angle.
bio (1103) - MaB: feedback flowcharts
went over our unsure charts from yesterday.
the actual diagram had "change" in the middle, and going around in ilke a figure of 8, the top would be the opposite of the bottom.
eg. the top would go.. sense increase in heat -> sends message -> control centre at top -> thingy that does change -> change (negative feedback)
thats a crappy example coz i forget and i cbf getting my book behind me, but you get the point. the bottom would be for decrease in temp.
we compared an oven to a human. ovens have thermostats that detect overheat or underheat? haha and a switch that triggers it to warm up or stop.. this is like a human homeostasis system.
the thing is about these charts though.. is that they focus on only one change, and sensing ambient changes.. but not internal changes.
the actual diagram had "change" in the middle, and going around in ilke a figure of 8, the top would be the opposite of the bottom.
eg. the top would go.. sense increase in heat -> sends message -> control centre at top -> thingy that does change -> change (negative feedback)
thats a crappy example coz i forget and i cbf getting my book behind me, but you get the point. the bottom would be for decrease in temp.
we compared an oven to a human. ovens have thermostats that detect overheat or underheat? haha and a switch that triggers it to warm up or stop.. this is like a human homeostasis system.
the thing is about these charts though.. is that they focus on only one change, and sensing ambient changes.. but not internal changes.
ext1 (1103) - detectives
talking about different kinds of detectives.. should read the stories and go through questions ont he thingo.
but the story that ms sproule read to us, it was surprising to find out that the detective was a woman and not a dude.
coz she full got up hangover style in a crappy apartment and all.. so as a result of this shock.. our homework is to make a 1page intro for a detective for monday
today was just talking about diff kinds of detectives, qualities of detectives, like the pro office guy or the hobby modern lady thing.
read stories it'll make more sense
but the story that ms sproule read to us, it was surprising to find out that the detective was a woman and not a dude.
coz she full got up hangover style in a crappy apartment and all.. so as a result of this shock.. our homework is to make a 1page intro for a detective for monday
today was just talking about diff kinds of detectives, qualities of detectives, like the pro office guy or the hobby modern lady thing.
read stories it'll make more sense
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
math (1102) - Calc: short differentiation
talked about shortcuts for differentiation today
if f(x) = x^n then f`(x) = nx^(n-1)
chyeah boi.
its all written down in the booklet thingy
usually what we do is when we're asked to differentiate
we write it like this.. say the question was
differentiate x^2
we would write
d/dx (x^2) = 2x^(1)
=2
right?
the x on the d/dx means thats what we're doing it in relation to, if there was a t in the question isntead, the bottom would say t. the top, represents the other thing.. if the question was
y = 5x^4 - 3x
then we would put dy/dx in instead. catch it?
also, any number without the number we're focusing on (next to the d at the bottom) just turns into a 0 when working it out
if f(x) = x^n then f`(x) = nx^(n-1)
chyeah boi.
its all written down in the booklet thingy
usually what we do is when we're asked to differentiate
we write it like this.. say the question was
differentiate x^2
we would write
d/dx (x^2) = 2x^(1)
=2
right?
the x on the d/dx means thats what we're doing it in relation to, if there was a t in the question isntead, the bottom would say t. the top, represents the other thing.. if the question was
y = 5x^4 - 3x
then we would put dy/dx in instead. catch it?
also, any number without the number we're focusing on (next to the d at the bottom) just turns into a 0 when working it out
phys (1102) - Space: pendulum period formula
before we got stuck into more formula stuff, we first did a few HSC 2008 questions, which i did correct.
we talked about energy conversion in a rocket taking off.
chemical energy decreases, coz it is burnt up and converted to kinetic energy (which increases) and gravitational potential energy (which also increases)
even though its a negative value, it increases coz it gets closer to 0
as for kinetic energy, the movement of the rocket is because a net force acts on it, caused by the thrust of the engine.
if the rocket kept the same thrust, the rocket would keep accelerating, coz mass decreases, so for force to stay the same, acceleration increases (F = ma) full metal alchemist broz
so to slow down the rocket, the thrust is reduced (its important to keep an eye on acceleration coz some rocket equipment can die to pressure, so can people)
then we talekd about pendulums, the formula for period iiiiiisss..
T = 2(pi) root:(l/g)
yes thats crappy -.- but i have no symbols here haha.
and the gravitational force between any two masses isss..
F = G(m1m2)/r^2
yeah..
then we talked about weighto n other planets, which we did not finish this lesson
we talked about energy conversion in a rocket taking off.
chemical energy decreases, coz it is burnt up and converted to kinetic energy (which increases) and gravitational potential energy (which also increases)
even though its a negative value, it increases coz it gets closer to 0
as for kinetic energy, the movement of the rocket is because a net force acts on it, caused by the thrust of the engine.
if the rocket kept the same thrust, the rocket would keep accelerating, coz mass decreases, so for force to stay the same, acceleration increases (F = ma) full metal alchemist broz
so to slow down the rocket, the thrust is reduced (its important to keep an eye on acceleration coz some rocket equipment can die to pressure, so can people)
then we talekd about pendulums, the formula for period iiiiiisss..
T = 2(pi) root:(l/g)
yes thats crappy -.- but i have no symbols here haha.
and the gravitational force between any two masses isss..
F = G(m1m2)/r^2
yeah..
then we talked about weighto n other planets, which we did not finish this lesson
bio (1102) - MaB: [c] feedback mechanisms
today we sort of compared a simple feedback mechanism to other things.. like temperature regulation in computers and people.
two sites that i found most handy today though were:
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/physiol/sf38x17.jpg
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/physiol/c44x10thermo-reg.jpg
two sites that i found most handy today though were:
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/physiol/sf38x17.jpg
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/physiol/c44x10thermo-reg.jpg
ag (1102) - Lettuce: healthy plants
talked about a few things today
first we talked about what research does in terms of impacting plant production.
research its used to find new plant varieties (eg downy mildew resistant lettuce), machines (eg olive harvester), insecticides (eg fungal sprays), management tactics (like IPM) and planting densities and fertilizer rates.
we talked about qualitative and quantitative measurements for plants
a few qualitative factors for lettuce:
FREE OF INSECT PESTS, SNAILS AND SLUGS
- this can be achieved using pellets and insecticides
- one can clear typical hiding places of snailes etc, or use IPM which could include predatory insects such as wasps
- companion crops / aphid repellants such as parsley can be planted to keep aphids away (they dont like the smell)
UNIFORM SIZE AND HEALTHY APPEARANCE (COLOUR)
this can only be done with adequate nutrients (biggest determiner of healthy colour) and lots of water.
the last thing we did was look at pesticide labels, they all basicaly say the same thing in terms of safety. use only as directed, keep out of reach of children, call poisons info centre if you ingest it, if possible try force vomitting.
first we talked about what research does in terms of impacting plant production.
research its used to find new plant varieties (eg downy mildew resistant lettuce), machines (eg olive harvester), insecticides (eg fungal sprays), management tactics (like IPM) and planting densities and fertilizer rates.
we talked about qualitative and quantitative measurements for plants
a few qualitative factors for lettuce:
FREE OF INSECT PESTS, SNAILS AND SLUGS
- this can be achieved using pellets and insecticides
- one can clear typical hiding places of snailes etc, or use IPM which could include predatory insects such as wasps
- companion crops / aphid repellants such as parsley can be planted to keep aphids away (they dont like the smell)
UNIFORM SIZE AND HEALTHY APPEARANCE (COLOUR)
this can only be done with adequate nutrients (biggest determiner of healthy colour) and lots of water.
the last thing we did was look at pesticide labels, they all basicaly say the same thing in terms of safety. use only as directed, keep out of reach of children, call poisons info centre if you ingest it, if possible try force vomitting.
Sunday, November 1, 2009
phys (1030) - Space: [p] pendulum length
the class split into groups to do one length of string for the pendulum each.
our group did 0.8m.
each group measured the period for 4 trials then took an average.
all groups used the same mass ball on the end of the string to not rig up the results.
the experiment was to test whether length had an effect on the period of a pendulum swinging.
my prediction was longer ones would take longer, and thats what the class' results show.
our group did 0.8m.
each group measured the period for 4 trials then took an average.
all groups used the same mass ball on the end of the string to not rig up the results.
the experiment was to test whether length had an effect on the period of a pendulum swinging.
my prediction was longer ones would take longer, and thats what the class' results show.
bio (1030) - MaB: response pathways
not much talk during this lesson coz we were talking about assessments etc for a lot of it.
we just touched on response pathways, which we've been basically tlaking about so far anyway.
the receptors send pulse signals through nerves and up the spinal cord and to the brain. the brain returns a signal to the corresponding muscles to do an action (eg secrete sweat if its too hot)
also, i asked a rnadom question of interest.. coz our body temp likes being 37, but on a day of 37deg, we find it too hot already.
apparently theres no optimum temperature for the outside of our bodies, but it still likes to regulate temperature.. to adapt.
and the reason why its our arms and legs and face that goes red when it gets hot.. its because blodo vessels are close to the outside in these locations, tahts why they thicken when its hot.. its easiest for the heat to get out through here
we just touched on response pathways, which we've been basically tlaking about so far anyway.
the receptors send pulse signals through nerves and up the spinal cord and to the brain. the brain returns a signal to the corresponding muscles to do an action (eg secrete sweat if its too hot)
also, i asked a rnadom question of interest.. coz our body temp likes being 37, but on a day of 37deg, we find it too hot already.
apparently theres no optimum temperature for the outside of our bodies, but it still likes to regulate temperature.. to adapt.
and the reason why its our arms and legs and face that goes red when it gets hot.. its because blodo vessels are close to the outside in these locations, tahts why they thicken when its hot.. its easiest for the heat to get out through here
ag (1030) - Lettuce: randomization & standardization
today was discussion of the frequency distribution curve, as well as randomization and standardization.
we discussed that our frequency distribution curves kept the basic normal shape, coz they were tallest in the middle, and results were fewer on either end.
apparently randomization and standardization can alwayus be improved, thus we can always mention it when a question asks how we could improve an experiment
randomization colld have been improved by increasing the number of beds for each density we had. (eg 6 or 10 instead of 3)
standardization could have been improved if we measures precisely the amount of water/fertilizer/snail pellets we used.. since it was all estimated.
the rest of the lesson was spent killing our beds, that included our prized cabbage.
we discussed that our frequency distribution curves kept the basic normal shape, coz they were tallest in the middle, and results were fewer on either end.
apparently randomization and standardization can alwayus be improved, thus we can always mention it when a question asks how we could improve an experiment
randomization colld have been improved by increasing the number of beds for each density we had. (eg 6 or 10 instead of 3)
standardization could have been improved if we measures precisely the amount of water/fertilizer/snail pellets we used.. since it was all estimated.
the rest of the lesson was spent killing our beds, that included our prized cabbage.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
ag (1029) - Lettuce: hypothesis disproven
not much today.. just the histograms of the 15cm x 15cm planting density results, graphing population and samples in terms of frequency distribution.
also, answered a discussion question about whether the hypothesis was proven or disproven, in my case it was disproven because my hypothesis said the 20cm x 20cm would grow the largest, which it didnt, the 25cm x 25cm lettuces did. this is drawn from the means of each
also, answered a discussion question about whether the hypothesis was proven or disproven, in my case it was disproven because my hypothesis said the 20cm x 20cm would grow the largest, which it didnt, the 25cm x 25cm lettuces did. this is drawn from the means of each
math (1029) - Calc: tangents & differentiation
talked about two things in maths today, the first was the tangent of a curve.
each point on a curve can only have one tangent. a tangent is a linear function that touches a curve at a point without crosing it.
a tangent can also be described as the limit of secants along the curve (coz secants all have 2 points, coming into one point that eventually only has 1 point - the tangent)
most curves can have tangents anywhere (except on discontinuous limits) an exception would be absolute value graphs, on the very corner of the graph, tangents cannot exist (because its possible to have heaps of tangents (in theory) but thats not possible.. that wold not be a tangent) this is also true on piecemeal graphs that are split between a curved half and a straight half. the tangent does not exist on the straight side on the corner.
the formula for differentiation by first principles goes as follows:
f(x+h) - f(x)
f`(x) = lim ___________
h -> 0 h
this is what we call the derivative of a function. we were working on this during the late parts of the lesson, and i was falling asleep.. so have to go over it again.
but basically the question they give you, you just sub it into the formula.
each point on a curve can only have one tangent. a tangent is a linear function that touches a curve at a point without crosing it.
a tangent can also be described as the limit of secants along the curve (coz secants all have 2 points, coming into one point that eventually only has 1 point - the tangent)
most curves can have tangents anywhere (except on discontinuous limits) an exception would be absolute value graphs, on the very corner of the graph, tangents cannot exist (because its possible to have heaps of tangents (in theory) but thats not possible.. that wold not be a tangent) this is also true on piecemeal graphs that are split between a curved half and a straight half. the tangent does not exist on the straight side on the corner.
the formula for differentiation by first principles goes as follows:
f(x+h) - f(x)
f`(x) = lim ___________
h -> 0 h
this is what we call the derivative of a function. we were working on this during the late parts of the lesson, and i was falling asleep.. so have to go over it again.
but basically the question they give you, you just sub it into the formula.
phys (1029) - Space: [p] pendulum angle & mass
we discussed pendulums today, the general basic things of them.
we used stop watches today to test whether the angle we lift the pendulum affected the time (period) of each oscillation. we discovered.. that the change is very little, unless the angle is less than 20, then it is always the same period 9at least checking with stopwatch)among the class, it was all around 2.4
we did a second thing today, using differently weighted balls tied on the end of strings. using this, we determined whether or not mass was a largely effective factor in changing results. this was disproven, both balls showed a time of approx 1.4
more prac tomorrow to do
we used stop watches today to test whether the angle we lift the pendulum affected the time (period) of each oscillation. we discovered.. that the change is very little, unless the angle is less than 20, then it is always the same period 9at least checking with stopwatch)among the class, it was all around 2.4
we did a second thing today, using differently weighted balls tied on the end of strings. using this, we determined whether or not mass was a largely effective factor in changing results. this was disproven, both balls showed a time of approx 1.4
more prac tomorrow to do
bio (1029) - MaB: feedback mechanisms
today we went over feedback mechanisms, which included many of the examples from yesterady.
in cold/hot temperatures.. the body adjusts, as discussed.
liver releases insulin or pancreas releases glucagon depending on sugar levels, and the kidneys regulate the water in blood/urine.
now these are negative feedback mechanisms, which means that when receptors detect change, the body acts in an opposite way.
examples of this in technology (for comparison) include: air conditioners, kettles, irons and fridges (for thermostuff anyway)
positive feedback mecahnisms are the opposite, when receptors detect change.. they support that. one example would be a woman's uterus expanding when it senses a baby coming out. beautiful, no? -.-
the part of the brain in charge with these feedback mechanisms is the hypothalamus
in cold/hot temperatures.. the body adjusts, as discussed.
liver releases insulin or pancreas releases glucagon depending on sugar levels, and the kidneys regulate the water in blood/urine.
now these are negative feedback mechanisms, which means that when receptors detect change, the body acts in an opposite way.
examples of this in technology (for comparison) include: air conditioners, kettles, irons and fridges (for thermostuff anyway)
positive feedback mecahnisms are the opposite, when receptors detect change.. they support that. one example would be a woman's uterus expanding when it senses a baby coming out. beautiful, no? -.-
the part of the brain in charge with these feedback mechanisms is the hypothalamus
Wednesday, October 28, 2009
ag (1028) - Lettuce: population & samples
today we graphed frequency distribution. other than that.. we talked abotu population & samples.. not much though.
we talked about what techniques we would do for random sample picking in a 1ha bit of land filled with lettuce (noones crazy enough to weigh them all -.-) so..
we suggested quadrat throwing, or going along diagonals, or a zigzag pattern. i cant recall anymore.. but tahts all pretty much. oh and walking a set number of paces, keeping consistent, and if bothered, having scaled maps of the paddock and to pick randomly from squares there.
we talked about what techniques we would do for random sample picking in a 1ha bit of land filled with lettuce (noones crazy enough to weigh them all -.-) so..
we suggested quadrat throwing, or going along diagonals, or a zigzag pattern. i cant recall anymore.. but tahts all pretty much. oh and walking a set number of paces, keeping consistent, and if bothered, having scaled maps of the paddock and to pick randomly from squares there.
bio (1028) - MaB: homeostasis
i wish i paid better/more attention today.. but what can is ay.. i was sleepy.. all day.
homeostasis is the process that body's take to maintain internal temperature.
old example of the titanic brought up again.. this time more explained. see if the body's internal temperature drops below like around 20, the heart will stop functioning.. and taht screws everything. what happened with the people of the titanic though.. coz they were floating in the water.. and water is a good conductor of heat.. the water stole their heat.
as much as possible, the body tries to keep the internal temperature at around 36-38. it has a number of receptors all over that detect ambient temperature, just like otherparts of the body have other receptors for other senses.
when its hot.. capillaries in the skin swell up to get rid of heat, so more blood flows through, making our skin appear redder. glands secrete sweat so that when it is evaporated, it takes some of the body's heat with it.
likewise for when its cold.. the capillaries shrink, less blood = paler appearance. we shiver because shaking enciourages movement of molecules, prodcing heat. hair on our skin sticks up, whichj traps air, creating an insulator (air is a poor conductor of heat)
that's all to say about that.. the other bits of the video were random.
kindneys' role is to regulate water in blood. the blood dumps all the water in there, then the kidneys return the right amount to the blood, any excess is peed out. that's why when we're dehydrated, we dont pee much, and its more concentrated. the blood is trying to conserve water.
talking about blood sugar levels.. sugar that we eat is used up really quickly. if we dont have enough sugar though, the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon to the liver, which then releases stored glycogen as glucose.
homeostasis is the process that body's take to maintain internal temperature.
old example of the titanic brought up again.. this time more explained. see if the body's internal temperature drops below like around 20, the heart will stop functioning.. and taht screws everything. what happened with the people of the titanic though.. coz they were floating in the water.. and water is a good conductor of heat.. the water stole their heat.
as much as possible, the body tries to keep the internal temperature at around 36-38. it has a number of receptors all over that detect ambient temperature, just like otherparts of the body have other receptors for other senses.
when its hot.. capillaries in the skin swell up to get rid of heat, so more blood flows through, making our skin appear redder. glands secrete sweat so that when it is evaporated, it takes some of the body's heat with it.
likewise for when its cold.. the capillaries shrink, less blood = paler appearance. we shiver because shaking enciourages movement of molecules, prodcing heat. hair on our skin sticks up, whichj traps air, creating an insulator (air is a poor conductor of heat)
that's all to say about that.. the other bits of the video were random.
kindneys' role is to regulate water in blood. the blood dumps all the water in there, then the kidneys return the right amount to the blood, any excess is peed out. that's why when we're dehydrated, we dont pee much, and its more concentrated. the blood is trying to conserve water.
talking about blood sugar levels.. sugar that we eat is used up really quickly. if we dont have enough sugar though, the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon to the liver, which then releases stored glycogen as glucose.
ext2 (1027) - day 1: getting the geist
today was basically finding out what we're going to do more or less.
for me.. i've settled with the idea that i'm going to write a script. that way, it can go either way.. i can change to a short story if that's what i feel i should do, or i can actually make the movie if i can and i have actors etc.
i should start looking up short films to watch, trailers and music videos can also be inspiration as i have asked.. but i've been challenged to watch the music videos without sound. an interesting concept.
i currently have no REAL idea of plot or whatver.. but apparently i can write in my journal like i do here, just talking to myself. that's good then. note to self.. i actaully need a journal first.
but yes.. i think i'm gonna start soon by watching "peek a boo" and "yellow fever"
good stuff.
ext2 isnt as intimidating.. this should be seen as an awesome subject, not a reluctant subject. today i was just tired and sleepy.. and it's late now so i should hit the hay.
for me.. i've settled with the idea that i'm going to write a script. that way, it can go either way.. i can change to a short story if that's what i feel i should do, or i can actually make the movie if i can and i have actors etc.
i should start looking up short films to watch, trailers and music videos can also be inspiration as i have asked.. but i've been challenged to watch the music videos without sound. an interesting concept.
i currently have no REAL idea of plot or whatver.. but apparently i can write in my journal like i do here, just talking to myself. that's good then. note to self.. i actaully need a journal first.
but yes.. i think i'm gonna start soon by watching "peek a boo" and "yellow fever"
good stuff.
ext2 isnt as intimidating.. this should be seen as an awesome subject, not a reluctant subject. today i was just tired and sleepy.. and it's late now so i should hit the hay.
eng (1027) - CST: sadat 5
can't really say much.. it was a lot of reading.
we talked about altruism.. which is basically doing things because its the right thing to do, not coz you want to do it.
we talked about sadat being self-righteous, he was confident that what he was saying was right.
we also talked about how he didn't use doublespeak, he claimed so anyway. that whatever he said was honest words.. that he "didnt speak more than 1 language" to quote.
we talked about altruism.. which is basically doing things because its the right thing to do, not coz you want to do it.
we talked about sadat being self-righteous, he was confident that what he was saying was right.
we also talked about how he didn't use doublespeak, he claimed so anyway. that whatever he said was honest words.. that he "didnt speak more than 1 language" to quote.
bio (1027) - MaB: [p] enzymes in different pH
today once again we played with milk and rennin.
we used 10mL of milk in 3 tubes, heated to approx 37* - 40*, and then in each, poured 2mL HCl, or 2mL distilled water, or 2mL NaOH
only the acidic one had a result.
milk was spilled on the hot plate today.. it smelt nice for some reason.
we used 10mL of milk in 3 tubes, heated to approx 37* - 40*, and then in each, poured 2mL HCl, or 2mL distilled water, or 2mL NaOH
only the acidic one had a result.
milk was spilled on the hot plate today.. it smelt nice for some reason.
ag (1027) - Lettuce: standard error
standard error is used in experiments to see if the varying results are caused by the factors tested or by chance.
if the difference between the means of the two sets of data is more than x2 the standard error calculated, then yes the difference is caused by the altered variables.
this was only true between 20cm x 20cm and 25cm x 25cm
the formula goes like.. well its too complicated to write here.. check book for details
if the difference between the means of the two sets of data is more than x2 the standard error calculated, then yes the difference is caused by the altered variables.
this was only true between 20cm x 20cm and 25cm x 25cm
the formula goes like.. well its too complicated to write here.. check book for details
phys (1027) - Space: gravitational potential energy
earlier today we talked about gravitational potential energy.
we discussed that in previous years, potential energy was given with the formula
E = mgh
where m is the mass, g is gravity (aka 9.8) and h is the height of the object.
today we went over a different equation.. one thats more constant.. because the first one, assumes gravity is constant, whcih it isnt.. the higher above the earth you are, the weaker gravity gets.
E = -(Gm1m2)/r
they are meant to be subscript 1 and 2 btw.. the m represents the mass of the two objects in which gravity is acting, and G is the constant gravity thing we were talkinga bout
we discussed that in previous years, potential energy was given with the formula
E = mgh
where m is the mass, g is gravity (aka 9.8) and h is the height of the object.
today we went over a different equation.. one thats more constant.. because the first one, assumes gravity is constant, whcih it isnt.. the higher above the earth you are, the weaker gravity gets.
E = -(Gm1m2)/r
they are meant to be subscript 1 and 2 btw.. the m represents the mass of the two objects in which gravity is acting, and G is the constant gravity thing we were talkinga bout
phys (1026) - Space: weight on mars
today we discussed what our weight would be on mars or on the moon, which of course would be less because the force of gravity is less there.
we also began to talk about gravitational potential energy, which increases as an object is lifted higher from the earth, except even though the effect of gravity would be slightly weaker if we jumped, it would be negligible, aka dosent really count, its pretty much still the same.
we also began to talk about gravitational potential energy, which increases as an object is lifted higher from the earth, except even though the effect of gravity would be slightly weaker if we jumped, it would be negligible, aka dosent really count, its pretty much still the same.
math (1026) - Calc: secants
catching up for monday 26 0ct
a secant, is basically a straight line drawn in between two points in a curved graph. drawn on a straight line, its pretty much just on that line.
hmm.. there's stuff that i should probably know but i didnt exactly do the homework -.-
all ir emember is what it looksl ike ^^"
the thing about secants though, is that the answer (gradient) you get from them is only between those two points, it can change depending on what points you use.
a secant, is basically a straight line drawn in between two points in a curved graph. drawn on a straight line, its pretty much just on that line.
hmm.. there's stuff that i should probably know but i didnt exactly do the homework -.-
all ir emember is what it looksl ike ^^"
the thing about secants though, is that the answer (gradient) you get from them is only between those two points, it can change depending on what points you use.
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
Physics 1027 - DAWN
I might as well post about todays stuff in class today , due to phil's lack of constant posts.
Hmm.... Im already starting to forget what we did.
We got some sheets about launching the spacecraft DAWN into space and how it uses an ion propulsion system to move which is much better than normal rockets. The sheet said that it was going to the asteriods Ceres and ... (i forget the other one) to see what the conditions early in the solar system were like. ION PROPULSION ROCKETS ??? Was the sheet true or not ? It certainly looked authentic, but why wasnt there anything about this in the papers ? The new propulsion system looks like the stuff from science fiction o_O.
Well, the rocket apparently works by ionising Xenon gas and accelerating it with a electric field, and due to Newtons third law of motion, accerates the rocket in the opposite direction.
Hmm.... Im already starting to forget what we did.
We got some sheets about launching the spacecraft DAWN into space and how it uses an ion propulsion system to move which is much better than normal rockets. The sheet said that it was going to the asteriods Ceres and ... (i forget the other one) to see what the conditions early in the solar system were like. ION PROPULSION ROCKETS ??? Was the sheet true or not ? It certainly looked authentic, but why wasnt there anything about this in the papers ? The new propulsion system looks like the stuff from science fiction o_O.
Well, the rocket apparently works by ionising Xenon gas and accelerating it with a electric field, and due to Newtons third law of motion, accerates the rocket in the opposite direction.
Friday, October 23, 2009
math (1023) - Calc: continuity
continuity is basically just if the graph isnt detatched at say.. an asymptote or if it jumps in a piecemeal graph.
there was a rule, that if:
lim f(x) = f(a)
x->a
that means it would be continuous at x = a
i dunno it made sense before.. then i went braindead hahaha. i'll go over it again, didnt go over it much today coz we were gonna rush out to find out prefects.
oh and if the limit looks like
x->^+
then x approaches a from the right, aka values larger than a. same goes with ^- but from the left.
yeah.. thats kind of it for today's maths notes
there was a rule, that if:
lim f(x) = f(a)
x->a
that means it would be continuous at x = a
i dunno it made sense before.. then i went braindead hahaha. i'll go over it again, didnt go over it much today coz we were gonna rush out to find out prefects.
oh and if the limit looks like
x->^+
then x approaches a from the right, aka values larger than a. same goes with ^- but from the left.
yeah.. thats kind of it for today's maths notes
phys (1023) - Space: gravity & orbit
today we talked about the earth's gravity, and i did the best i could paying attention to all that formula crap.
mr pitt started by asking us the unit for gravity.
some people said ms^2, others said it was N/kg. and apparently the N/kg was the correct one.
it goes like this:
w = mg
where w = weight (a force, so F)
and m = mass (in kg)
and g = gravity
switch that all around and you get..
g = F/m (aka N/kg.. get it?)
anyway.. we also talked about a few other.. random things. like building 6400km high ladders and jumping off. yeaahh.. apparently you'd need to be at a speed of something like.. 27000km/h? in order to stay in orbit and not come back to earth.. coz even firing a bullet would fall down again.
also, at the equator.. one would move at 1700km/h. now in order to have a satellite that would be geosynchronized? id unno if i heart pitt correctly.. but yeah.. it'd have to be 36000km up. or did i mix up my stats.. crap.. must double check and edit this post if i mixed it up.
but yeah.. satelllites like to be at that level so dishes can send signals to the same, "stationary" satellites. basically.. the satellites are in sync with the earth's rotation so it moves at the same rate, as if it doesnt move at all.. geographically
mr pitt started by asking us the unit for gravity.
some people said ms^2, others said it was N/kg. and apparently the N/kg was the correct one.
it goes like this:
w = mg
where w = weight (a force, so F)
and m = mass (in kg)
and g = gravity
switch that all around and you get..
g = F/m (aka N/kg.. get it?)
anyway.. we also talked about a few other.. random things. like building 6400km high ladders and jumping off. yeaahh.. apparently you'd need to be at a speed of something like.. 27000km/h? in order to stay in orbit and not come back to earth.. coz even firing a bullet would fall down again.
also, at the equator.. one would move at 1700km/h. now in order to have a satellite that would be geosynchronized? id unno if i heart pitt correctly.. but yeah.. it'd have to be 36000km up. or did i mix up my stats.. crap.. must double check and edit this post if i mixed it up.
but yeah.. satelllites like to be at that level so dishes can send signals to the same, "stationary" satellites. basically.. the satellites are in sync with the earth's rotation so it moves at the same rate, as if it doesnt move at all.. geographically
eng (1023) - CST: sadat 4
didn't make much progress today.. coz had to talk about other stuff like classes and rank slips and whatnot.
but we did talk about some contextual stuff.. like jerusalem. home of the ark of the covenant and deathplace of jesus, important to the three battling religions.
we reviewed stuff again, like techniques. repetition, metaphor, simile, anaphora, lexical chains, imagery and quotes, etc.
we discussed what kind of person sadat is, and what we can draw from just 5 pages of his speech. he's a passionate, logical speaker who demonstrates his knowledge and proves he knows what he's talking about with analogies and whatnot. he's religious, in terms of his own, and neighbouring religions, but he is also a proud man. he is dedicated and he is courageous, especially to step into enemy territory and make such claims.
although he offered peace and all these guarantees with israel, he still claimed it all to be arab land, including jerusalem.
apparently both the arabs and the israeli people filmed it, and they edited the speech and camera shots in different ways. the arab takes focused on people not paying attention, and the israeli film showed astonished looks on peoples faces.
also, apparently my level of language has crapped up as my recent essays have shown me, and it has been commented on -.- have to work on that.. i did crap in eng and ext1 eng this yearly.. not surprised im not in top class -.-
but we did talk about some contextual stuff.. like jerusalem. home of the ark of the covenant and deathplace of jesus, important to the three battling religions.
we reviewed stuff again, like techniques. repetition, metaphor, simile, anaphora, lexical chains, imagery and quotes, etc.
we discussed what kind of person sadat is, and what we can draw from just 5 pages of his speech. he's a passionate, logical speaker who demonstrates his knowledge and proves he knows what he's talking about with analogies and whatnot. he's religious, in terms of his own, and neighbouring religions, but he is also a proud man. he is dedicated and he is courageous, especially to step into enemy territory and make such claims.
although he offered peace and all these guarantees with israel, he still claimed it all to be arab land, including jerusalem.
apparently both the arabs and the israeli people filmed it, and they edited the speech and camera shots in different ways. the arab takes focused on people not paying attention, and the israeli film showed astonished looks on peoples faces.
also, apparently my level of language has crapped up as my recent essays have shown me, and it has been commented on -.- have to work on that.. i did crap in eng and ext1 eng this yearly.. not surprised im not in top class -.-
bio (1023) - MaB: [p] substrate concentration
in today's prac, we tested the effects of substrate concentration on enzyme reaction rates.
its too bad we didnt finish -.-
basically.. we added 3mL of rennin enzyme to 10mL of solution. the milk concentration varied though, and we added water so that the solution was always 10mL.
we tested 10mL, 7mL, 5mL and 3mL, and made sure that the solution was at 37*C before we started the reaction. we timed it, but did not finish.
damn.
its too bad we didnt finish -.-
basically.. we added 3mL of rennin enzyme to 10mL of solution. the milk concentration varied though, and we added water so that the solution was always 10mL.
we tested 10mL, 7mL, 5mL and 3mL, and made sure that the solution was at 37*C before we started the reaction. we timed it, but did not finish.
damn.
Thursday, October 22, 2009
math (1022) - Calc: limits 2
continued talking about limits today, did some exercises.. and now i understand whats going on.
the deal is to always sub the limit number into the limit letter thing.
eg.
lim
x -> 5
you sub the 5 into wherever x is.
but if its a 0, its undefined, you gotta factorize the top or bottom in order to cancel out some of the pronumerals.
thing about infinity thingies though.. you cant have them in fractions, gotta get rid of them. and as anything over x with the limit of x -> infinity, the anything over x will = 0
hope im not screwing upt hese ntoes coz im in a rush to play kh
cant have 0 on the denominator, so in order to get rid of it, divide everything (top and bottom) by the highest power of x (or whatever pronumeral that the limit is) on the denominator. otherwise, if its not 0 on the bottom anymore.. sub in man.
anyway.. hope i didnt miss anything.. im too excited to play.
the deal is to always sub the limit number into the limit letter thing.
eg.
lim
x -> 5
you sub the 5 into wherever x is.
but if its a 0, its undefined, you gotta factorize the top or bottom in order to cancel out some of the pronumerals.
thing about infinity thingies though.. you cant have them in fractions, gotta get rid of them. and as anything over x with the limit of x -> infinity, the anything over x will = 0
hope im not screwing upt hese ntoes coz im in a rush to play kh
cant have 0 on the denominator, so in order to get rid of it, divide everything (top and bottom) by the highest power of x (or whatever pronumeral that the limit is) on the denominator. otherwise, if its not 0 on the bottom anymore.. sub in man.
anyway.. hope i didnt miss anything.. im too excited to play.
phys (1022) - Space: satellites & shuttles
watched a few videos today, the first was about launching the ARES shuttles. after NASA said they would stop launching shuttles, its back to square one with old style shuttles, complete with parachuting back to earth.
the part that comes back to earth is shaped and designed to fall to earth in a certain way, with about a foot thick of material that's meant to burn up on re-entry.
mr pitt told us about a few students from HAHS who have moved on to this astronomical crap, including an andrew do guy who worked on the ARES projcets. he also told us of a 19 year old guy who designed the ways of travelling to mars.
the deal is, you gotta send satellites to where mars WILL be, not where it is currently, also it has to land in an orbit around mars so not to be pulled in or fall straight on the surface.
we talked abotu how coming into the earth (in a shuttle), you'd have to be at the right angle. if the angle was too steep, it would burn up too quickly and easily. if nto steep enough, the shuttle will head back in the opposite direciton, kind of like skipping a stone on a pond, but skipping the shuttle on the atmosphere of the earth? hahaha
also.. venus' orbit is faster than ours.. but we didnt finisht aht discussion about why
the part that comes back to earth is shaped and designed to fall to earth in a certain way, with about a foot thick of material that's meant to burn up on re-entry.
mr pitt told us about a few students from HAHS who have moved on to this astronomical crap, including an andrew do guy who worked on the ARES projcets. he also told us of a 19 year old guy who designed the ways of travelling to mars.
the deal is, you gotta send satellites to where mars WILL be, not where it is currently, also it has to land in an orbit around mars so not to be pulled in or fall straight on the surface.
we talked abotu how coming into the earth (in a shuttle), you'd have to be at the right angle. if the angle was too steep, it would burn up too quickly and easily. if nto steep enough, the shuttle will head back in the opposite direciton, kind of like skipping a stone on a pond, but skipping the shuttle on the atmosphere of the earth? hahaha
also.. venus' orbit is faster than ours.. but we didnt finisht aht discussion about why
eng (1022) - CST: sadat 3
lexical chains (string of words) and anaphora were what we discussed that sadat used today.
he made reference to guys in the old testament, who were known by people of all three religions. he spoke of wise king solomon and king david.
he also made a lot of guarantees with israel, ultimately he was saying that it was arab land.
a bit of a history lesson though, israel had historic claims on the land, and anyone could really coz back in the ancient days, theb oarders were always shifting.
he made reference to guys in the old testament, who were known by people of all three religions. he spoke of wise king solomon and king david.
he also made a lot of guarantees with israel, ultimately he was saying that it was arab land.
a bit of a history lesson though, israel had historic claims on the land, and anyone could really coz back in the ancient days, theb oarders were always shifting.
bio (1022) - MaB: [p] effect of temp on enzymes
experiment today, testing the rate of reaction of rennin in milk. me and paul's experiment didn't really go anywhere, then we found it it wasnt meant to.
we added 1mL of rennin (enzyme) to 10mL of milk at diff temperatures. 10, 37 and 50. our control was just milk sitting on its own.
only the 37 was meant to clot though, coz 10 is too cold, the enzymes would be inactive, and the 50 would denature the enzymes.
we altered temperature of milk in test tubes by keepnig them in beakers of water of varying temperatures, measuring the MILK's temperature with a thermometer. each reaction was timed using a stopwatch, but not recorded coz it went nowhere -.-
we added 1mL of rennin (enzyme) to 10mL of milk at diff temperatures. 10, 37 and 50. our control was just milk sitting on its own.
only the 37 was meant to clot though, coz 10 is too cold, the enzymes would be inactive, and the 50 would denature the enzymes.
we altered temperature of milk in test tubes by keepnig them in beakers of water of varying temperatures, measuring the MILK's temperature with a thermometer. each reaction was timed using a stopwatch, but not recorded coz it went nowhere -.-
ag (1022) - Lettuce: environment
few things to continue from what we were doing last term.
planting windbreaks blocks plants from being damaged, eg snapped or fruit lost. windbreaks reduce loss of water through evaporation or transpiration.
planting windbreaks casts shadows that reduce light penetration (this can be bad)
high planting densities causes similar things, such as high humidity, which increases the chance of fungal disease.
we also talked about a few things about what we did in terms of the lettuce.
eg. we raised beds 1 week prior to transplanting to better drainage and grounding the roots. also, we put mushroom compost over it to increase soil strucutre, ability to hold water and add nutrients to the soil. this should have been done a month early to allow it to be worked into the soil with cultivation
planting windbreaks blocks plants from being damaged, eg snapped or fruit lost. windbreaks reduce loss of water through evaporation or transpiration.
planting windbreaks casts shadows that reduce light penetration (this can be bad)
high planting densities causes similar things, such as high humidity, which increases the chance of fungal disease.
we also talked about a few things about what we did in terms of the lettuce.
eg. we raised beds 1 week prior to transplanting to better drainage and grounding the roots. also, we put mushroom compost over it to increase soil strucutre, ability to hold water and add nutrients to the soil. this should have been done a month early to allow it to be worked into the soil with cultivation
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
phys (1021) - Space: satellites
today.. didnt talk about much coz looking at tests
hmm ironic that the science site im on is israeli, just coming out of talking about english
so it goes like this..
mr pitt was talking about satellites.
he talked about the iridium satellites that were meant to be for communication, but failed coz people dont use satellite phones, but the US military put it to use.
he also told us about sputnik, from like 1957, a satellite launched by USSR just coz they could. it was a breakthrought hat proved that satellites could be put into orbit, and that signals can be sent from sputnik.
mr pitt also told us about the atmosphere being really thin, and there beingl ike 10000 bits of space junk flying above the atmosphere right now, and have they all have to be monitored, coz we dont want things to crash into them.
mr pitt said we should see satellites, especially the iridium ones, which "flare" aka reflect heaps of sunlight.
he also spoke of the ISS and how it's being built. it recently had stuff added to it, and people work for like 4-5 hours on jet pack chair thingoes, working on the ISS. it costs like 60 million dollars for a ride up there, which led to mr pitt talkinga bout that 2 billion dollar boat that kills cameras when it detects them.
anyway.. tahts pretty much it i think.
hmm ironic that the science site im on is israeli, just coming out of talking about english
so it goes like this..
mr pitt was talking about satellites.
he talked about the iridium satellites that were meant to be for communication, but failed coz people dont use satellite phones, but the US military put it to use.
he also told us about sputnik, from like 1957, a satellite launched by USSR just coz they could. it was a breakthrought hat proved that satellites could be put into orbit, and that signals can be sent from sputnik.
mr pitt also told us about the atmosphere being really thin, and there beingl ike 10000 bits of space junk flying above the atmosphere right now, and have they all have to be monitored, coz we dont want things to crash into them.
mr pitt said we should see satellites, especially the iridium ones, which "flare" aka reflect heaps of sunlight.
he also spoke of the ISS and how it's being built. it recently had stuff added to it, and people work for like 4-5 hours on jet pack chair thingoes, working on the ISS. it costs like 60 million dollars for a ride up there, which led to mr pitt talkinga bout that 2 billion dollar boat that kills cameras when it detects them.
anyway.. tahts pretty much it i think.
eng (1021) - CST: sadat 2
perhaps today's notes would be more productive if i was actually paying attention during the day. also i fell asleep for many hours after thje surpreme heat, that coulda wiped my memory a little.
same old same old thing with sadat, check speeech for highlights, talking about "peace by justice" or something like that.
learned a bit of context today though.. the whole thing started after WWII, man for some reason i thought it was old stuff.. like ancient milennium stuff.. hmm oh well. but anyway.. UK thought it'd be mad to dump all the jews in israel.. and so they did.. and heaps of jews followed.. they needed more land so started moving outwards. and they have the arms to do so thanks to the US and at the time.. USSR
discussions about "wall" and "barrier". it's all in their heads.. emphasis on the barrier to make it seem bigger, to bang in the fact, and make it seem unbreakable. the agreement to stop had to be from both sides.. it had to be negotiable. what i said about walls though, was that when there's a wall in between people, people on both sides can only see what's on their side, not the other's. get it?
anyway that's all i can remember.. but yeah we were just reading through it
same old same old thing with sadat, check speeech for highlights, talking about "peace by justice" or something like that.
learned a bit of context today though.. the whole thing started after WWII, man for some reason i thought it was old stuff.. like ancient milennium stuff.. hmm oh well. but anyway.. UK thought it'd be mad to dump all the jews in israel.. and so they did.. and heaps of jews followed.. they needed more land so started moving outwards. and they have the arms to do so thanks to the US and at the time.. USSR
discussions about "wall" and "barrier". it's all in their heads.. emphasis on the barrier to make it seem bigger, to bang in the fact, and make it seem unbreakable. the agreement to stop had to be from both sides.. it had to be negotiable. what i said about walls though, was that when there's a wall in between people, people on both sides can only see what's on their side, not the other's. get it?
anyway that's all i can remember.. but yeah we were just reading through it
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
bio (1020) - MaB: enzyme reactions
as we discussed before, enzymes are catalysts, which means they speed up reactions without being part of the reaction itself. mr mahfouz described it with cars being enzymes, with limited seats.
today we were talking about reactions with enzymes. so long as there as substrates, enzymes will keep on working. substrates dont always have to fit perfectly into the active site, most of the time its just roughly, and then it tightens to fit.
a single enzyme molecule can assist 5 million reactions in 1 minute.
with increased concentration of substrates, rate of reaction increases, however it slows if the amount of enzymes is constant. at the saturation point, the reaction rate of enzymes cannot go any higher because they are working at their limit. the only way to increase this after is to increase the concentration of enzymes.
enzymes tend to work better in warmer temperatures (around 45), this is called the optimum temperature. the reason why is because heat encourages vibration in molecules (kinetic energy man!) so change of collision is increased, thus reactions are increased. but too hot and the enzymes will begin to denature (active site becomes deformed and cannot fit substrates)
this also explains why magnesium will burn in fire but not rust in open air
also, different enzymes work in different pH levels. pepsin and rennin need acidic environments, amylase needs close to neutral (slightly basic) and trypsin (found in small intestine) needs alkaline environments.
last of all.. a common example of an enzyme is found in many living organisms (including animals, potatoes, apples, etc) is one that breaks down hydrogen biroxide (H2O2) which is poisonous, and is broken down water and oxygen.
today we were talking about reactions with enzymes. so long as there as substrates, enzymes will keep on working. substrates dont always have to fit perfectly into the active site, most of the time its just roughly, and then it tightens to fit.
a single enzyme molecule can assist 5 million reactions in 1 minute.
with increased concentration of substrates, rate of reaction increases, however it slows if the amount of enzymes is constant. at the saturation point, the reaction rate of enzymes cannot go any higher because they are working at their limit. the only way to increase this after is to increase the concentration of enzymes.
enzymes tend to work better in warmer temperatures (around 45), this is called the optimum temperature. the reason why is because heat encourages vibration in molecules (kinetic energy man!) so change of collision is increased, thus reactions are increased. but too hot and the enzymes will begin to denature (active site becomes deformed and cannot fit substrates)
this also explains why magnesium will burn in fire but not rust in open air
also, different enzymes work in different pH levels. pepsin and rennin need acidic environments, amylase needs close to neutral (slightly basic) and trypsin (found in small intestine) needs alkaline environments.
last of all.. a common example of an enzyme is found in many living organisms (including animals, potatoes, apples, etc) is one that breaks down hydrogen biroxide (H2O2) which is poisonous, and is broken down water and oxygen.
math (1020) - Calc: limits
INTRODUCTORY CALCULUS
hurray -.-
today we learned about limits, with like 6 pages worth of notes, or was it 8? but we got through all of them -.-
a limit is LIKE an asymptote, but isnt, because the limit could be included.
it's represented as a hole in the graph.
i'm still confused about it all.. but its expressed as:
lim [insert function here]
x -> (number)
but yeah.. a limit is.. the number that as the graph aproaches x, y would be the limit.. or somehting
i dont know.. it confuses me.. i'll go over it again tomorrow and have better notes here
hurray -.-
today we learned about limits, with like 6 pages worth of notes, or was it 8? but we got through all of them -.-
a limit is LIKE an asymptote, but isnt, because the limit could be included.
it's represented as a hole in the graph.
i'm still confused about it all.. but its expressed as:
lim [insert function here]
x -> (number)
but yeah.. a limit is.. the number that as the graph aproaches x, y would be the limit.. or somehting
i dont know.. it confuses me.. i'll go over it again tomorrow and have better notes here
phys (1020) - SPACE intro
SPACE
didn't talk about much today, coz a lot of it was talking about test papers.. however we did discuss a few things. mr pitt prosed a question about weightlessness.
weight is the force on an object depending on its mass and another object's (eg planet) gravity. eg. gravity on earth is 9.8, and radius is about 6400.
we had a discussion about how far earth's gravity goes. i said something stupid.. i said it extends as far as the atmosphere -.- because tahts the boundary in which things are held in, but then garner argued that gravity holds the moon in place too, and im like oh yeah.
mr pitt explained that the forces between the earth and the sun would be the same, because of newton's third law. now that makes sense considering planets dont just plummet into the sun coz it has epic gravity.
objects that are larger have stronger graivty, and so we orbit the sun, the sun doesnt orbit us, but we do make it wabble slightly
didn't talk about much today, coz a lot of it was talking about test papers.. however we did discuss a few things. mr pitt prosed a question about weightlessness.
weight is the force on an object depending on its mass and another object's (eg planet) gravity. eg. gravity on earth is 9.8, and radius is about 6400.
we had a discussion about how far earth's gravity goes. i said something stupid.. i said it extends as far as the atmosphere -.- because tahts the boundary in which things are held in, but then garner argued that gravity holds the moon in place too, and im like oh yeah.
mr pitt explained that the forces between the earth and the sun would be the same, because of newton's third law. now that makes sense considering planets dont just plummet into the sun coz it has epic gravity.
objects that are larger have stronger graivty, and so we orbit the sun, the sun doesnt orbit us, but we do make it wabble slightly
eng (1020) - CST: sadat 1
CRITICAL STUDY OF TEXTS
today we began talking about speeches etc.
we were talking about what makes a good speech. tlaked about techniques that sadat used in the first 1/3 of his speech, like appealing to audience, emotional appeal, banging in his message (peace) straight away and over and over.
in context, he spoke about the arab-israeli war, and was willing to go to israel to present this speech (israel was winning) and talked about what the cultures of islam, christianity and judaism had in common.
speeches are meant to be spoken, so ms read the speech to us instead of getting us to read them. this establishes a connection with the audience, in an attempt to bring the audience into the speaker's world, then learn something they did not know before.
it was a dodgy idea for sadat to go to jerusalem, and many people from boths ides disagreed, but he wished to go anyway. israel were very suspicious of him, so speaking of peace and religious references early in the speech as much as possible cleared him of suspicion. then talking of peace and referring to religious things, and tlaking about how loss and death mattered no matter what side they were on appealed to audience.
damn i cant really remember anything much else specific.
today we began talking about speeches etc.
we were talking about what makes a good speech. tlaked about techniques that sadat used in the first 1/3 of his speech, like appealing to audience, emotional appeal, banging in his message (peace) straight away and over and over.
in context, he spoke about the arab-israeli war, and was willing to go to israel to present this speech (israel was winning) and talked about what the cultures of islam, christianity and judaism had in common.
speeches are meant to be spoken, so ms read the speech to us instead of getting us to read them. this establishes a connection with the audience, in an attempt to bring the audience into the speaker's world, then learn something they did not know before.
it was a dodgy idea for sadat to go to jerusalem, and many people from boths ides disagreed, but he wished to go anyway. israel were very suspicious of him, so speaking of peace and religious references early in the speech as much as possible cleared him of suspicion. then talking of peace and referring to religious things, and tlaking about how loss and death mattered no matter what side they were on appealed to audience.
damn i cant really remember anything much else specific.
Monday, October 19, 2009
bio (1019) - MaB: enzymes
MAINTAINING A BALANCE
enzymes
today we started yr12 bio. hurray x.x
well paul is staying, and so far we still have the fouzeh, so he ranted today, lawl at pronunciations.
he started talkinga bout we as people, and growing and decreasing in size.
the whole thing revolves around organic compounds and how they are created (anabolism) or broken down (catabolism), both are types of metabolism.
mr mahfouz proved this to be successful coz last year (yr11) when we tested for glucose in plants, what we were really testing for was starch. coz sugars are stored as more complex crap (hence the growing).
as we grow up, our rate of anabolism is much higher than rate of catabolism, so we grow, and for a while we pretty much maintain the same size and mass, but as we age (after 40 or so) our body starts to deplete.
enzymes are a catalyst, each enzyme has one specific role each. enzymes are what cause anabolism or catabolism. enzymes have a sort of key&lock shape, that only certain chemicals can fit into, and from there the chemicals are either bonded together, or broken apart.
enzymes are a type of protein, they are made up of amino acids that are held together with hydrogen bonds. amino acids are organic, which means they contain H, C and O, but also contain N coz they are amino bro.
some enzymes require specific environments, eg pepsin in the stomach (acidic), or amylase in the mouth (saliva is alkaline) that's in terms of pH anyway
in terms of temperature.. in cold conditions, enzymes cannot function, but if warmed up they can. in extreme heat, the shape of enzymes are altered, and so they cannot successfully perform their role (the "keys" dont fit into the "locks"). also, the enzymes can start breaking down, and the process cannot be reversed.
tahts why, as fouzy explained, most people on the titanic died because of cold instead of drowning. also, thats how frostbite works, the body cuts off circulation in limbs in order to preserve good enzymes etc for the body. that's why we do are not meant to sleep when we are lost in some cold place, because the brain shuts things down as we sleep to rest it.
likewise, it is not good in heat, tahts why if temp is like 50*, its not safe to be outside.
we looked at a graph about temperature and effectiveness of enzymes, they work best between temperatures of 30 and 50, with 40 being the peak, and gradually going down in either direction, hitting the bottom at 30 and 50. temp was on x-axis, on y was rate of reaction.
anyway thats all for now i think.. so to just do those questions now i guess.
enzymes
today we started yr12 bio. hurray x.x
well paul is staying, and so far we still have the fouzeh, so he ranted today, lawl at pronunciations.
he started talkinga bout we as people, and growing and decreasing in size.
the whole thing revolves around organic compounds and how they are created (anabolism) or broken down (catabolism), both are types of metabolism.
mr mahfouz proved this to be successful coz last year (yr11) when we tested for glucose in plants, what we were really testing for was starch. coz sugars are stored as more complex crap (hence the growing).
as we grow up, our rate of anabolism is much higher than rate of catabolism, so we grow, and for a while we pretty much maintain the same size and mass, but as we age (after 40 or so) our body starts to deplete.
enzymes are a catalyst, each enzyme has one specific role each. enzymes are what cause anabolism or catabolism. enzymes have a sort of key&lock shape, that only certain chemicals can fit into, and from there the chemicals are either bonded together, or broken apart.
enzymes are a type of protein, they are made up of amino acids that are held together with hydrogen bonds. amino acids are organic, which means they contain H, C and O, but also contain N coz they are amino bro.
some enzymes require specific environments, eg pepsin in the stomach (acidic), or amylase in the mouth (saliva is alkaline) that's in terms of pH anyway
in terms of temperature.. in cold conditions, enzymes cannot function, but if warmed up they can. in extreme heat, the shape of enzymes are altered, and so they cannot successfully perform their role (the "keys" dont fit into the "locks"). also, the enzymes can start breaking down, and the process cannot be reversed.
tahts why, as fouzy explained, most people on the titanic died because of cold instead of drowning. also, thats how frostbite works, the body cuts off circulation in limbs in order to preserve good enzymes etc for the body. that's why we do are not meant to sleep when we are lost in some cold place, because the brain shuts things down as we sleep to rest it.
likewise, it is not good in heat, tahts why if temp is like 50*, its not safe to be outside.
we looked at a graph about temperature and effectiveness of enzymes, they work best between temperatures of 30 and 50, with 40 being the peak, and gradually going down in either direction, hitting the bottom at 30 and 50. temp was on x-axis, on y was rate of reaction.
anyway thats all for now i think.. so to just do those questions now i guess.
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