phys (0225) - M&G: torque

torque (measured in Nm) is a rotational.. force? calculated using the formula:

T = Fd

where T = torque in Nm
F = force in N
d = distance in m

in particular situations where applying maximum force still doesnt cause any torque (rotation) the distance (radius) has to be increased eg. lengthening a spanner to twist bolts

in a motor.. this torque is produced in a coiled current-carrying conductor, because of the motor effect. however, if the current was going in the same direction in the wire, by the time it rotates 180*, the current would be going the other way in relation to the magnetic field, so it would turn the other way. in order for the coil to keep rotating, the current must be pushed in the other direction.

bio (0224) - BoL: pentadactyl limb

today was about observing the similarities in the forelimbs of different organisms, to be specific.. the pentadactyl limb. these similar bone structures suggest that these animals evolved from a common ancestor, but adapting to suit their environment.

generally it consisted of a humerus, an ulna and radius, a carpal and 5 digits (fingers/toes, etc)

mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians share this common feature.

phys (0224) - M&G: F = BIlsin@

we went over a formula that calculates the force experienced by a charge running throuhg a magnetic field.

F = BIlsin@

where F = force in newtons (N)
B = strength of magnetic field in teslas (T)
I = current in amperes (A)
l = length of wire in metres (m)
sin@ = sine of theta.. which is @.. the angle of the wire against the field

ext2 (0223) - day 11: results

hurray for ext2 eng -.-

another lesson of wondering what to do, another hour or so sitting around.

this time it was in anticipation of our marks, marks that only people who did something got.

at this stage i'm just wondering.. what.. coz i really.. dont know. i'm just lost now.. especially after that.

here i thought everything was peachy.

so apparently i should've put every little exact thing into my journal.. who was the moron who said that it had hardly any impact on our mark -.-

i dont know and what i'm supposed to post right now, if anything it's more a reflection than anything else productive.

same thoughts and pondering as usual, my post-ext2 dog walk has led me into wondering about the kind of people who live in the houses i see. but perhaps none of this stuff is actually relevant or useful -.-

looking at my dog made me think of animal references. i thought instnatly.. of toraodora. the battle between tiger and dragon. perhaps i could look this up, and base my thing around that.. make it full oriental.

kind of goes against luke's catholicism though.. unless the one who's telling him about this thing, this lesson of yin and yang is a taoist.

then i'd have to look up the mechanics of taoism.

but i dont know.. i really dont know if now's the time to start doing these things.. something i shoulda done before.. but i can't look back.. only forward.

i can write some kind of script or storyboard by the end of the term, hell i can write one by the end of tomorrow. but as discussed last week.. it's about doing it.. not thinking it.

phys (0222) - M&G: magnetic fields

MOTORS AND GENERATORS

hurrah new topic, and just when iw as getting used to space and special relativity and whatnot.

so. motors and generators.

the motor effect is a force experienced by a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

the right-hand palm rule is important. ie. our fingers represent a magnetic field, our thumb represents a perpendicular current, and the "force" comes out of our palm.

magnetic fields are produced from and around magnets and electrical currents, and things like solenoids.

a magnetic field is a region.. something something about forces. LAWL i better check up on that. but yeah.

fields travel from north to south on a magnet always, and what makes solenoids different is they have a field within them as well.

ag (0222) - Animal: ruminants & monogastrics

ruminants eg. cow, sheep, goat, etc have 4 stomachs. they have bacteria living inside these stomachs to help them digest, and then they digest the bacteria and obtain more nutrients and proteins from them too.

ruminants, unlike monogastrics can obtain energy from cellulose (fibre) whereas monogastric organisms only feel full from eating fibre, they cant digest cellulose.

monogastric organisms eg. pig, poultry, horse, people, etc have just one stomach where they digest everything. i guess they're more.. omnivorous too. but they dont have all the bacteria and stuff too.

they have to obtain protein from eating food with protein, meat i guess, or protein pellets for intensively housed animals such as pigs and poultry.

phys (0219) - Space: E = mc^2

related to mass dilation again..

this goes against what chemists say about matter not being able to be created nor destroyed, but einstein suggests that matter can be turned into energy, and energy into matter, at the speed of light of course.

because as speed increases, mass increases (mass dilation) so the faster you are, the heavier you are. so imagine being at lightspeed, mass would be ginormous man. i dunno what i can say about this formula, i'm not einstein hahaha.

basically.

E = energy
m = mass
c = speed of light

and the ^2 is significant coz it makes the numbers really big. and that's actually true hahaha.

bio (0218) - BoL: [p] natural selection

did a prac today using printouts of moths.

it seems that white moths were the favourable kind (probably polar regions) over black or their offspring grey.

it was just a model, that showed breeding species, and also how different organisms are randomly "naturally selected" and thus killed off.

it wasnt long before the black population died out, since they were the favourable kind to be eaten according to our chance wheels, in which 3/6 were black, 2/6 were grey and 1/6 were white.

see? bias much hahaha

bio (0217) - BoL: evolution

BLUEPRINT OF LIFE!

hurrah new subject.

we already know how evolution goes by darwinism ideas: natural selection.

there is always variation within a population, but this is beneficial if the environment changes. offspring with favourable characteristics to suit the environment breed more offspring with those characteristics.

natural selection ie. survival of the fittest.

generations continuously pass on these favourable characteristics, and as environments change, so do adaptations, leading to evolution of species completely.

phys (0217) - Space: alpha centauri

discussions today about what costs there would be to get to alpha centauri.

thing is, for the astronaut, the trip would seem shorter (timewise and spacewise) for them due to time dilation and length contraction. their mass would dilate too, but because of that, crashing into something would be catastrophic. they wouldn't be able to change direction either, not at that speed.

if they made it there and back, they would be younger than the people who were the same age as them when they left. costs would be enormous, especially for fuel, and our technology isn't that advanced. also, the idea is impratical because we wouldn't be able to communicate with them if they were travelling at the speed of light. not to mention it would still take years to travel there and back at that speed (around 8 both ways)

ext2 (0216) - day 10: viva voce

umm.. i dont know what i can say

i mean i knwo i'm uploading this stuff late but yeah.

today was our viva voces and everyone was stressing. i wasnt though.. i figured it was just talking.. i was jsut wroried i'd forget somehting i wanted to say.

it went fine though.. at least conversation was sustainable etc.. i'm pretty sure i went ok.. hopefully anyway.. seemed alright.

an issue was that i always plan and never act.. "perfectionism" is what one of the teachers pointed out.. and that it is a root of procrastination. bad things. bad things.

i realized though.. after i left to go home.. that i'm at my most.. reflective, motivated and inspired right after a lesson.

i mean i can see everything as if it were a film, with bgm and everything.. and it's got that feel.. the same atmosphere that i want in my movie.. the "going home" vibe, but with that bit of random distress.

maybe one of these days i should bring my camera and just film whatever randomly on the way home.. i dunno..

but yeah.. good stuff. it's probably the best time to do something or whatnot.

eng (0216) - Belong: relationships

talking about the romantic relationships in as you like it.

there's:

orlando and rosalind. love at first sight, she taunts him after she finds out his feelings, in the end they end up together.

oliver and celia. also love at first sight.

touchstone and audrey. mainly for fun, aka sex. he wants to get married simply to get the benefits, if you know whati mean. she is seen as a simpleton and a slut.

silvius and phoebe. "sweet phoebe, pity me" the unrequited kind of love. unrequited at first. but after the ganymede kaffufle, things fix up.

orlando and ganymede. there's slight gay innuendo here, and orlando finds himself rather attracted to ganymede coz he has rosalind's qualities.

phoebe and ganymede. probaly more understandable, he seems hard to get too. however once she realizes that its acutlaly rosalind, she faints.

ag (0216) - Lettuce: cultivation

few notes about cultivation, we arleady know what's sustainable and what's not.

the traditional way of cultivating involves cultivating the soil like 3 or 4 times. but in more recent times, its simply zero till or minimum till. basically the ground is just cultivated once, and then sprayed with herbicide/pesticide. and later, seeds are sown.

that's the general geist of it. coz overcultivating can break up soil structure, making soil more easily eroded, also overploughing leads to plough pan, an inpenetratable layer of soil at subsoil level.

math (0216) - Series: sigma notation

simple enough to understand. generally the question has that sum sign (sigma) that looks like what would happen if an E and a W had a baby.

underneath it says n = hwatever, and there's a number at the top. and its followed by an equation.

generally.. you sub in whatever numbers come between what n = and the number on the top, into the equation, and then add up the numbers you get.

sigma notation

bio (0216) - MaB: [p] conserving water

strange prac today using nail polish.

we took a few leaves, and applied nail polish onto small areas on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, then waited for it to dry.

once the nail polish was dry, we removed it using tweasers and looked at it under a microscope.

what we found was the imprint of the leaf on both sides, revealling that the lower surface of the leaf hand much more stomates (hundreds) than the top surface (about ten within that small area)

stomates are found under the leaf because it allows gaseous transfer without excessive loss of water.

phys (0215) - Space: mass dilation

this lesson was actually about simultaneity as well.

an example for simultaneity would be lightning simultaneously striking two sides of the same carriage on a train. an observer would see both bolts of lightning hit either side of the train at the same time.

however a person on the train itself, would see the bolt of lightning on the front of the carriage first, since the light has less area to travel, it arrives sooner.

mass dilation is a strange theory, that only applies when approaching near-light speeds. energy can be converted into mass, and vice versa, so at those kind of speeds, mass would increase making the object heavier, thus slowing it down.

sort of like momentum.. sort of, but for extremely high speeds.

Physics 12-23/02/10

Special Relativity

Light is constant (in vacuum) so space(distance) and time must be relative.
This leads to pain-in-the-ass concepts such as time dilation, length dilation and mass dilation.

Time Dilation

................to
......-----------------
tv =..__________
......./....( V^2 )
....../.(1- -----)
....\/......( c^2 )

(ignore the dots)

Where 'to' is time measured by the thing moving close to light speed (or stationary relative to on board time)
Where 'tv' is time measured by the guy outside the thing moving close to light speed (the position that can measure the velocity of the thing)

Note: since nothing can go over the speed of light, tv is always BIGGER than to


Space (length) dilation

...................__________
................. /....( V^2 )
Lv = Lo x .../.(1- -----)
..............\/......( c^2 )

(ignore the dots)

Where 'Lo' is the length measured inside the moving thing (stationary relative to object)
Where 'Lv' is the length measured OUTSIDE the moving thing (moving relative to object)

Note: Since nothing can go over the speed of light, Lv is always SMALLER than Lo


Mass Dilation

................Mo
......-----------------
Mv =..__________
......./....( V^2 )
....../.(1- -----)
....\/......( c^2 )

(ignore the dots)

Where 'Mo' is the Mass measured inside the moving thing (stationary relative to object)
Where 'Mv' is the mass measured OUTSIDE the moving thing (moving relative to object)

Note: Since nothing can go over the speed of light, Mv is always LARGER than Mo

Random Info.

It takes 118.10.... days to reach speed of light if going 3 G's.
It takes 354.something days to reach the speed of light if going 1 G
Time dilation makes time travel forwards possible.
The twin paradox is incorrect due to one thing being non-inertial reference frame and proved with general relativity.
Time travel backwards is impossible.
Even the effect of gravity travels no more than the speed of light o_O
You need a hell of a lot of energy to make something go close to the speed of light since some of the energy gets converted to mass ... or momentum ...

The closer you get to a large gravitational mass the more time gets dilated also (YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THIS , IN FACT YOU SHOULDN'T)
Actually screw this i might as well put something up.

Gravitational Time Dilation (General Relativity)

The lower the gravitational potential energy an object has, the more its time gets dilated.
I dont know the formula for it and i reckon it would just confuse everyone anyway ... maybe except for ishraq.




That is all.
I hate tv/Lv and to/Lo -__- i keep getting them confused (Mv & Mo too).

That is really all.

ext2 (0209) - day 9: preparation

today, we all had our one-on-one talks with the teacher in preparation for our viva voces next week.

i was pretty much left til last.

so in the meantime, i got some "actors" to help me go through my old scripts, and i even wrote a new script in a random 10min.

stimulus stimulus.

here's the thing, these characters: luke and stella have even more depth in them than the "characters" in my major work.

i'm considering making them the main characters, but perhaps either tweaking them, or tweaking the plot around them.

but while tlaking to the teacher, i noticed some of my bigger issues.

i need to look at past works more, like finished products. i need to see what i'm up against and what's expected of me.

my journal has to be more organized man, i need to acutally make an annotated bibliography to put in.

setting is an issue. i mean i can film anywhere, but i need to think about what builds onto the scene.

and i need good actors. i realized today that it will take time for them to get what i want them to do.

being a director is gonna be frustrating.

but lately i've been re-connecting with people from that workshop, it's a good thing i guess to be connected, someone to talk to, and get ideas etc.

must keep moving forward.

time is of the essence.

seems dodgy now, but we'll make it.

bio (0209) - MaB: [p] dissecting kidney

kidneys smell gross.

i thought i'd just put that out there LAWL

mr spies was talking about how cow kidneys are realy big, like basketball diameter, but meh, it was sheep kidneys today, since they're similar size to people kidneys.

ours was majorly squishy and hard to cut through.

in the end we got decent cut out of it, seeing the three things we needed to see.

- the pelvis where urine is collected
- the.. mutella? LAWL i forget.. i'll edit this blog.. but the point is.. look at your book fool!

phys (0209) - Space: time dilation

i learned this later than other people because i haven't been in class, but since zhou had a free he raided our class. he should do that more often, i mean i work better (especially in physics) when he's around.

cool here's a snazzy feature i never used, image URLs


see its all relative. the two ts represent whatever frame of reference you're looking at. the two different objects.

c is equal to the speed of light, 7 x 10^8m/s

ext1 (0209) - rear window

the movie was like 40min in already, since we were not here last week, they started without us.

but we had a catchup session, talking mostly about our main character, LB? or JB? jeffreys, i think its LBJ tbh, but yeah.

he's pessimistic and all, i mean he's watching people from a window, he's got this negative view that he won't get better, that his leg wont heal.

that's why he watches lars from his window.

his gf, lisa is more.. realistic, like his nurse stella, who at first, both try convince him it's nothing, before realizing how suspicious lars really is.

ag (0208) - Lettuce: soil acidity

estimated 29million ha of australian soil is affected with this problem.

when it gets bad, the subsoil becomes acidic, and it becomes impractical to try fix the problem.

see ideally the soil should be pH between 6.5 and 7.5. once it gets like 4.5 - 5.3, things get a bit dodgy.

in acidic soil, nutrients such as phosphorus and magnesium are less available, and other nutrients such as aluminium and manganese become toxic.

also, in acidic soils, nodulation and nitrogen fixation is less because bactera cant survive as well in acidic environments.

lime is sitll the best way to fix acidity problems

bio (0208) - MaB: enantiostasis

like homeostasis ish.

homeostasis maintains inner conditions regardless of external conditions, eg with temperature.

see enantiostasis changes physiological functions to adjust to environments.

estuaries are examples of these, organisms that respond to change in salinity.

eg animals such as sharks can swim from ocean up rivers, coz they can adjust to change in salinity.

ext2 (0202) - day 8: considerations

oh the horror of a blank lesson.

i was braindead, especially the day before camp, that's all i could think about.

i got some reading done though, i forget what the name of it was, the one based in germany. that script-ish thing.

but aarrgh! viva is next week (2 weeks from when i was MEANT to post this) and EEP!

im not ready.

and its not for the talking, its for what to talk about.

i dont even know if i wanna keep my story.

if its good or not.

maybe to be safe i'll keep it.

if i as gonna change anything though, it'd be what the issue/argument was.

but yeah, i'd keep the thing, and i think my line would be "conflicting perspectives" or if i have to, "intersections and oppositions" since i found out today we can do yr11 topics too.

i need to watch more movies etc for inspiration. shoulda done that today.. meh

ext1 (0201) - production code

see most of the contextual stuff on the 1950s is already written in my book, so i thought i'll just talk about what isnt, the production code.

much like our code of practice, but without ratings. it was just yes or no basically.

it was introduced coz of scandals in hollywood (eg murder and drugs etc, and hollywood didnt wanna give the impression that that's what kind of lives they lead)

introduced inthe 1930s, over the years, it became a system with very catholic values (eg no killing, adultery, drugs, alochol that wasnt important to story, not even the word "virgin")

priests could not be depicted as comic or villains.

hmm what else.

well people started being rebels. since studios had their own cinemas, but once new cinemas began being opened, new appealing independent films began to be shown.

in counter-attack, the "legion of decency" upped the rules even more. in the end it was overruled since film is a method of freedom of speech.

bio (0129) - MaB: kidneys

the kidneys have a number of jobs as we have discussed before.

they control water levels in the blood, and therefore the blood pressure within vessels. they control pH of blood and excrete waste, eg urea.

urea is a nitrogenous waste, and if split to ammonia, could be harmful to the body. it comes from deaminizing (breaking down of amino acids) and this is done in the liver.

some animals (that lay eggs) dont produce urea however, they produce uretal acid. this is because it isnt soluable. why is that important? coz the waste of the baby in the egg does not float around in the yolk. see in mammals.. waste just transfers to the mother and she excretes it.

so this includes birds, and as we later found out, reptiles. then i asked about monotremes.. and i couldnt get an answer.

01022010

It seems that phil has somewhat been ... neglecting his studying thing so i might as well put some stuff up.

Physics

SpaceCraft Re-entry Factors

Re-entry angle 5-7 degrees (approximate)
Heat on re-entry
G-Forces caused by air resistance
Communications Blackout caused by superheated ionised air particles blocking EM waves

I cbf putting much more, i have to get back to work.