DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
it's what stores information and dictates how an organism is.. built? DNA is found in the chromosomes within the nucleus.
the two helixes are made of sugars (deoxyribose - ribose that has been deoxygenated) that are held together by phosphates. ribose is a pentose, which means it's a sugar that consists of 5 carbon atoms.
the four nitrogen bases are: adenine & guanine (purines) aka the big ones and thymine and cytosine (pyrimidine) aka the small ones. adenine and thymine are always paired up and joined by 2 hydrogen bonds, and guanine and cytosine are always paired up, joined by 3 hydrogen bonds.
a base attached to a sugar and phosphate is called a nucleotide. DNA consists of many nucleotides all joined up together.
DNA replicates when the double helix is split. since the bases only have one possible pair each, the DNA components floating around join up to make separate pairs for the split helixes, thus duplicating the original
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