simple concept. have the male alleles on the top, and the female down the side. so there's a 2x2 box corresponding to these alleles, which decides the possibilities for genotypes.
conventionally, something Aa and aA are the same, but the dominant allele comes first.
eg something like
\...|.A...|...a...|
....________
.A.| AA | Aa |
__________
.a. | Aa | aa
thats kinda confusing but yeah
take note taht often certain features are affected by a number of genes, not just one. and if the two alleles of the same gene appear on a single chromosome, well then it doesnt get split during meiosis then.
one more thing.
organisms with two same alleles for the same gene are known as homozygous for that feature, likewise having two different alleles makes them heterozygous
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